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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which sex attempts suicide more often? Which is more successful, % wise?
Major depressive dz is more common in which sex? Schizophrenia? |
women; men.
2:1 women neither |
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Define the following terms:
- delusion - illusion - hallucination - idea of reference - neologisms - tangentality - loose associations |
- false belief not shared by others
- misperception of real ext. stim. - false sensory perception - false belief of being referred to by others - inventing new words - getting further away from point as speaking continues - shift of ideas from one subject to another in an unrelated way |
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What are psychotic episodes characterized by?
Do bipolar pts have these episodes? pts w/ depression? |
delusions and/or hallucinations
yes, commonly in their manic phase. yes, termed "depression w/ psychosis" |
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What is the lvl of consciousness of most pts with mood disorders and schizophrenia when not experiencing psychotic sx?
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normal.
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What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Monoamine hypothesis of mood disorders states what? |
schizo is due to excess dopaminergic actv.
- also that \DA might be the cause of depression. \5HT and NE are the cause of depression; hyperactivity is implicated in mania. - hyperactv 5HT is also implicated in schizophrenia |
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What has PKC been demonstrated to be (hypo/hyper) in schizo and bipolar dz?
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hyperactive
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Agents that act as (agonists/antagonists) of which receptor can increase OR decrease psychotic sx; while also releiveing sx of depression.
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antagonists of NMDA (glutamate)
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What anatomical changes are noted in those with psychotic and mood dz? actv changes?
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lateral and 3rd ventricle enlargement suggesting loss of brain mass; changes in brain density.
DECREASED actv of the frontal lobes and limbic structures. |
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What are the two classifications of sx in schizophrenia? Describe them both.
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Positive: additionals to expected behavior, like delusions, hallucinations, agitations, talkativeness
Negative: thigns missing from expected behavior, like lack os motv, social withdrawal, flattened affect, cog disturbances, poor grooming, poor speech content. |
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What are the 3 phases of schizophrenia? Describe them.
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Prodromal, psychotic, and residual.
- prodromal: dz occur before the first psychotic episode and invlude avoidance of social actv, physical complaints, and new interests in religion, philosophy, etc. - psychotic phase: pt loses touch w/ reality; POSITIVE sx occur during this phase - residual: this is the time period b/t psychotic episodes. pt is in touch with reality but does not behave normally. NEGATIVE sx. |
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The older the age of schizo onset, the _____ the prog.
What are the 5 subtypes of schizo? |
better.
Disorganized, Catatonic, Paranoid, Undifferentiated, Residual |
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What is schizoaffective dz? Do pts tend to have lifelong impairment? Do they tend to have a higher or lower level of functioning than schizophrenics?
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sx of a mood disorder as well as psychotic sx.
yes. higher. |
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What are the characteristics of schizophrenia re: dx?
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psychoic and residual sx lasting >6 months.
significant psychotic sx for at least one week markedly impaired ability to function W/o known etiology |
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Day-night reversal is considered what type of sx re: schizophrenia?
What types of cognitive deficits do schizophrenics exhibit? |
disorganization sx.
slowed info processing, impaired sensory gaiting, working (scratch pad) memory deficits, problems with word recall, problems w/ executive function, planning & organization, problems with facial recog and social cues |
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What are some other things on the diff dx list w/ schizo?
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- mood dz w/ psychotic features (major depression, bipolar dz)
- brief psychotic dz - schizophreniform dz (1-6m) - schizoaffective - delusional disorder (fixed, persistant, nonbizzare delusional system) - shared psychotic dz (pfolie a deux): development of delusions in a person in a close relationship with someone with delusional disorder (the inducer) |
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What % of people get schizo, over all cultures and genders?
Most people develop the dz in which age group? |
1%
<30y |
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What is the progression postulated by the integrated DA/Glutamate hypothesis of schizo?
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cortical hypoglutamatergia --> cortical hypoDA --> limbic hypoDA.
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What is the cornerstone of schizo tx?
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antipsychotics
- all are D2 antagonists + emotional dulling, apathy, can cause movement dz - all interact w/ mult other nt systems: + histamine: sedation, weight gain + cholinergic: constipation, dry mouth, blurred vz + 5HT: decreases liklihood of movement dz. |
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What are the two classes of antipsychotics? Describe them.
What are EPS, and in which class are they more likely? How are they tx'ed? |
typicals: DA antagonists
atypicals: 5HT and DA antagonists Extrapyramidal side effects: cluster of symptoms consisting of akathisia, parkinsonism, dystonias, anticholinergics - typical - benztropine (anticholinergic) and diphenhydramine (antihistamine) |
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4% of pts on typical antipsychotics develop Rabbit syndrome. What is that?
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Rabbit syndrome is characterized by involuntary, fine, rhythmic motions of the mouth along a vertical plane, without involvement of the tongue.
- form of EPS side effect |
