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3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethanol
- drug class - mech? - what order kinetics does alcohol oxidation follow? - can chronic consumption induce a cytochrome? + what common analgesic can this affect? - acute alcohol consumption has what effects on metabolism of other liver dependent drugs? - effect on NADH/NAD ratio? - effect on acetaldehyde lvls? |
- CNS depressant
- variety of effects on a variety of membrane proteins involved in neurotransmission. Enhancement of GABA at GABA-A receptors & inhibition of glutamate in opening NMDA receptors. - zero-order, i.e., independent of time and concentration. - cyt P450. + increase hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen - may inhibit due to decreased metabolism - increase - increase |
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Disulfirim
- mechanism? - result? |
- blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
(alcohol i/liver -<alcohol dehydrogenase>-> acetaldehyde -<acetaldehyde dehydrogenase>--> acetic acid) - 5–10 minutes after alcohol intake, the patient may experience the effects of a severe hangover for a period of 30 minutes up to several hours. Symptoms include flushing of the skin, accelerated heart rate, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, throbbing headache, visual disturbance, mental confusion, postural fainting, and circulatory collapse. |
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Naltrexone
- differs how from Naloxone? - mech? - can it cause hepatocellular injury? - indications? - contraindications? |
- longer duration of action, and is thus more appropiate for long-term treatment of addiction
... naloxone is better for acute cases. - antagonizes opiate receptors and blocks or reverses the action of narcotic analgesics - only in excessive doses - tx of EtOH dependence and for the blockade of the effects of exogenously administered opioids. - narcotic addicts (may cause severe withD sx), neonates, acute hepatitis, liver failure. |
