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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 components of a fungi's cell wall? |
WALL: My Corrosive Gate |
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What do you mean by fungi are "chemoheterotrophic"? |
Simply this means that they utilize organic matter and Carbon as sources of nutrition.
And instead of digesting nutrients, fungi "absorbs" nutrients.
This differentiates fungi from animals. |
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Fungi are saprophytes too what does that mean?
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Saprophytes obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter
And if fungi derive their nutrients from living matters (plants, animals) they are termed as parasites. |
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Fungi as adapters |
"Easy to adapt" despite the scarce nutrients available
-not so hard to cultivate |
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What are their ways of energy generation: For molds? For yeasts? |
Molds- aerobic respiration Yeasts- anaerobic respiration; they are commonly used for wine fermentation |
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Are fungi mesophilic? |
Yes. Their optimum growth temerature is 25-30 degrees Celsius (same with the environment's temperature) |
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Front (Term) |
Their differences :) |
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Cell wall component: describe Chitin |
-inert, insoluble, chain of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) that is unbranched |
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Cell wall component: describe mannans |
-binds with mannoproteins & proteins
-for serologic specificity of fungal cell wall |
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Cell membrane contains? |
Lipids, ergosterols, & glycoproteins (LEG) |
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What is the main target of antifungal drugs? |
-ergosterol synthesis: ergosterol is a component of a fungi's cell MEMBRANE
*Mergosterol |
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What are the cytoplasmic constituents of fungi? |
Has a true nucleus (means that it is membrane-bound) -has membrane-bound organelles |
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Does all fungi have capsule? |
Nope! Only a few species of fungi have capsules. Ex. is Cryptococcus neoformans (italicized) -this fungi causes cryptococcosis |
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What is the morphology of yeasts? |
-unicellular -FacAn Yeast-facultative anaerobe: with oxygen, will undergo aerobic respiration. Without oxygen, will undergo fermentation |
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How do yeasts reproduce? |
Both sexual & asexual
By asexual budding & binary fission *budding: blastospore
If sexual, yeasts produce BABA or basidiospores and ascospores
Spores: -asexual=blastospores -sexual=basidiospores, ascospores |
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How do yeasts reproduce primarily? Describe the steps in the process. |
By "budding" or creating blastospores
1. Protruberance on one side of cell 2. Mitosis during which the one of the nucleus migrates to the forming cell 3. Septum formation then pinching off
*each budding leaves a bud scar on one side of the cell which inhibits re-budding-- yeasts can only divide finitely. |
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Cell wall component: describe mannans |
-binds with mannoproteins & proteins
-for serologic specificity of fungal cell wall |
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Cell membrane contains? |
Lipids, ergosterols, & glycoproteins (LEG) |
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What is the main target of antifungal drugs? |
-ergosterol synthesis: ergosterol is a component of a fungi's cell MEMBRANE
*Mergosterol |
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What are the cytoplasmic constituents of fungi? |
Has a true nucleus (means that it is membrane-bound) -has membrane-bound organelles |
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Does all fungi have capsule? |
Nope! Only a few species of fungi have capsules. Ex. is Cryptococcus neoformans (italicized) -this fungi causes cryptococcosis |
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What is the morphology of yeasts? |
-unicellular -FacAn Yeast-facultative anaerobe: with oxygen, will undergo aerobic respiration. Without oxygen, will undergo fermentation |
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How do yeasts reproduce? |
Both sexual & asexual
By asexual budding & binary fission *budding: blastospore
If sexual, yeasts produce BABA or basidiospores and ascospores
Spores: -asexual=blastospores -sexual=basidiospores, ascospores |
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How do yeasts reproduce primarily? Describe the steps in the process. |
By "budding" or creating blastospores
1. Protruberance on one side of cell 2. Mitosis during which the one of the nucleus migrates to the forming cell 3. Septum formation then pinching off
*each budding leaves a bud scar on one side of the cell which inhibits re-budding-- yeasts can only divide finitely. |
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Describe filamentous fungi or molds:
-are they multicellular? -how do they generate energy, needs oxygen or not? -how do they grow? |
Molds are: -multicellular -aerobes -grows by apical elongation of hypha |
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Cell wall component: describe mannans |
-binds with mannoproteins & proteins
-for serologic specificity of fungal cell wall |
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Molds: what is mycelium? |
Aggregates of hyphae |
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Molds: what is phallus? |
Body of a fungi |
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How do you classify filamentous fungi? |
1. Septate/non-septate- is it with septations?
2. Hyaline or dematiaceous? Hyaline- without pigments or uncolored Dematiaceous- pigmented
3. Reproductive or vegetative? -hyphae function |
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Molds: what does a septate look like?
-what does septation mean? Any important use? |
-on the right image: septations serve as compartmentations for the hyphae.
Upon breaking, there's still preservation of the cell since each compartment has its own nucleus and all the cell constituents will not just leak out of the cell (unlike non-septated hyphae: one break causes cell death) |
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Can you please describe the vegetative & reproductive parts of the fungi? |
-vegetative hyphae will give rise to reproductive structures that produce sexual & asexual spores.
-vegeta actually is responsible for absorbing nutrients and exchanging water |
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What does dimorphism mean? |
Dimorphism is the ability of a fungi to form from mold to yeast and yeast to mold for survival purposes.
MY- molds to yeast In the environment, fungi exists as molds. But when subjected to a human body with a body temperature of 37 C, (with 25-30 C as its optimum growth temperature), it then transforms into a yeast which can withstand the normal body temperature. |
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What does thermal dimorphism means? |
Thermal dimorphism is used to describe if the ability of a mold to exist as a yeast is caused or induced by temperature. |
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Fungal species that transforms into a spheroid instead of yeast during thermal dimorphism |
Coccidioides: cocci di oides |
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Give some examples of dimorphic fungi? |
Blastimyces dermatitidis Histoplasma capsulatum Sporothrix schenckii
Paracoccidiodes braziliensis Penicillium marneffei Coccidioides immitis
"Be Home Safe 2 Puerto Princesa City" |
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Cell membrane contains? |
Lipids, ergosterols, & glycoproteins (LEG) |
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What is the main target of antifungal drugs? |
-ergosterol synthesis: ergosterol is a component of a fungi's cell MEMBRANE
*Mergosterol |
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What are the cytoplasmic constituents of fungi? |
Has a true nucleus (means that it is membrane-bound) -has membrane-bound organelles |
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Does all fungi have capsule? |
Nope! Only a few species of fungi have capsules. Ex. is Cryptococcus neoformans (italicized) -this fungi causes cryptococcosis |
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Can you please describe the vegetative & reproductive parts of the fungi? |
-vegetative hyphae will give rise to reproductive structures that produce sexual & asexual spores.
-vegeta actually is responsible for absorbing nutrients and exchanging water |
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|
What does dimorphism mean? |
Dimorphism is the ability of a fungi to form from mold to yeast and yeast to mold for survival purposes.
MY- molds to yeast In the environment, fungi exists as molds. But when subjected to a human body with a body temperature of 37 C, (with 25-30 C as its optimum growth temperature), it then transforms into a yeast which can withstand the normal body temperature. |
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How do yeasts reproduce primarily? Describe the steps in the process. |
By "budding" or creating blastospores
1. Protruberance on one side of cell 2. Mitosis during which the one of the nucleus migrates to the forming cell 3. Septum formation then pinching off
*each budding leaves a bud scar on one side of the cell which inhibits re-budding-- yeasts can only divide finitely. |
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Describe filamentous fungi or molds:
-are they multicellular? -how do they generate energy, needs oxygen or not? -how do they grow? |
Molds are: -multicellular -aerobes -grows by apical elongation of hypha |
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Molds: what is hypha/hyphae? |
Hyphae are the mold's microscopic filaments |
