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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Yeast
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single cells, reproduces by budding
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Mold
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long filamentous hyphae which may form mats of mycelia, some hyphae are septate and some nonseptate
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Dimorphism
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different structures at different temps (either yeast-like or hyphal growth depending on evnt- temp/nutrition
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Reproduction
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Asexual by forming spores
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Cell Wall
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Chitin (insensitive to B-lactam antibiotics
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Cell Membrane
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ergosterol+zymosterol- the selevtice action of imidazole antifungals based on disruption of membrane sterol synthesis
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saprophytes
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Most fungi saprophytes- dead stuff (only small fraction can cause disease
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Mycotoxicoses
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Intoxication by preformed fungal toxins (secondary metabolites) and hypersensitivity induced by fungal antigens
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4 types of Mycotoxicoses
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a. Ergot Alkaloid
b. Psychotropic agents c. Aflatoxin metabolites d. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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5 categories of infection
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1. superficial
2. cutaneous: deeper into epidermis 3. subcuntaneous: dermis, subQ, muscles, fascia 4. systemic:from lung, dimorphic 5. opportunistic:in immunocompromised pts |
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Dermatophytes
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Cutaneous
Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, Microsporum tineas= ringworm infection Keratinophilic |
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Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix schenckii
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SubQ
dimorphic fungi in soil/wood/thorns lymphocutaneous common |
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Histoplasmosis: Histoplasma Capsulatum
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systemic
1. Mold in soil=septate hyphae w/spores, budding yeast cells in tissues in macrophages, endemic in ohio/Mississippi valley spores engulfed by macrophages (hitch a ride on your immune system), develop into yeast result in calcified granulomatous foci as source for reactivation |
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Cryptococcosis: Cryptococcus Neoformans (meningitis
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systemic
oval, budding yeast w/polysaccharide capsule from inhaling organism from soil w/bird droppings antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule, lung infection often asymptomatic |
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Candida Albicans
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opportunistic
dimorphic fungus found in normal mucosal flora (oral thrush, vaginal thrush, GI, rectal) Adhesive structures allow attachment to GI/vag/oral |
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Aspergillus species: Aspergillosis
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opportunistic
only mold form with separate hyphae in envt(inhalation of airbone conidia)and from exogenous source colonization of skin, wounds, burns, cornea, external ear, paranasal sinuses only disease in immunosuppresed pts |
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Pneumocystic jiroveci= P. carinii pneumonia: PCP
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opportunistic
antibodies by age 2 so infected early causes disease in all immunodef hosts (most common life-threatening HIV!) intracystic(sporozites) & extracystic (trophozoite) forms BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage |
