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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What fraction of the world's population has had Tb?
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1/3
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Where are most of the cases of Tb found?
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Developing countries
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What is the main source of Tb infection in the US?
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Immigrants
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Is Tb able to survive in the environment? If so, for how long?
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Yes.
One month |
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What factors increase Tb transmission?
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Crowding
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Where is the first place that Tb localizes to inside the body?
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Alveolar macrophages within the lungs
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What are the two mechanisms of spread for Tb throughout the body?
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Local to lymph nodes
Hematogenously to other parts of the body |
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Do the majority of people infected with Tb show signs of the disease?
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No.
90% of the infected show no disease 5% show early disease 5% show late stage disease |
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Where is the locale for reactivation Tb?
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Upper lobes of the lungs
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What are the nonspecific symptoms of Tb?
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Malaise
Fever Nightsweats |
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What are the non-specific signs of Tb?
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Kakhexia/Confumption/Phthsis
Weight loss Look toxic |
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What are the specific symptoms of a primary pulmonary infection?
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Nonproductive cough
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What are the specific signs of a primary pulmonary infection?
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Rales (predominantly)
Xray: ghost-like projections in the lower and middle lobes |
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What are the specific symptoms of a reactivation pulmonary infection?
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Cough
Stoplight sputum SOB Similar to bacterial pneumonia. |
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What are the specific signs and x-ray findings of a reactivation pulmonary infection?
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Rales
Spread of TB throughout the lungs on xray |
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What kind of Tb shows significant hematogenous spread throughout the body?
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Miliary Tb
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Where are some common locations of hematogenous spread for Tb throughout the body?
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Genitourinary tract (testicular masses)
Meninges: brain lesions Bone/joint: osteomyelitis |
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What are the common tests for Tb?
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PPD skin test
Chest Xray Quantiferon assay Acid-fast smears |
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What is the mechanism of the quantiferon assay? What is it?
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Draw blood
Stimulate lymphocytes with Tb antigens Look for INF-gamma release EIA on Sensitive Tb test. |
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What are the general treatment principles for Tb?
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Multiple drugs
Cidal drugs Treat for a long time! |
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What are risk groups for Tb resistance?
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Immigrants
Alcoholics, druggies, homeless Inappropriate treatment Noncompliance |
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What is the treatment of XDR-Tb?
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Rifampin
Flouroquinolones Aminoglycosides |
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What is the current antibiotic therapy for Tb?
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RESPIration
Rifampin Ethambutamol Streptomycin Pyrazinamide Isoniazid |
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What is the cause of Leprosy?
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Mycobacterium leprae
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What disease does _. leprae cause?
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Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae |
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What are the major clinical findings in leprosy?
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Granulomas all over the place
Peripheral neuropathy |
