Mycobacteria, Fungi, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Prion

Front 1

what bacteria stains positive for acid-fast and can be confused with myocabacteria

Back 1

Nocardia

Front 2

acid-fast bacilli

Back 2

mycobacteria

Front 3

why are mycobacteria more resistant to gram stain

Back 3

myocolic acids are hydrophobic fatty acids

Front 4

how do mycobacteria become intracellular

Back 4

organism enter pulmonary macrophage via mannose receptor that binds to lipoarabinomannan

Front 5

what are present in mycobacteria peptidoglycan layer instead of N-acetylmuramic acid

Back 5

N-glycolylmuramic acid

Front 6

what is analogous to LPS in myobacteria

Back 6

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)

Front 7

evoke granulomatous inflammation

Back 7

mycobacteria

Front 8

disease from infection by mycobacteria is due to what

Back 8

Host's cell mediated response-
Th1 cells secreting cytokines (IFN-gamma) evoking oxidative destruction (iNOS) and granulomatous reaction

Front 9

what is needed to evoke Th1 response

Back 9

IL-12 from APC that have encountered the mycobacteria

Front 10

shows cording as is associated with a Ghon complex

Back 10

M. tuberculosis

Front 11

virulence mechanism of M. tuberculosis

Back 11

mycolic acids and LAM interfere with phagosome-lysosome interaction

Front 12

associated with footpads of armadillos

Back 12

M. leprae

Front 13

Especially infects macrophages, endothelial cells, and Schwann cells

Back 13

M. leprae

Front 14

differentiate tuberculoid and lepramtous form of M. leprae infection

Back 14

Tuberculoid - strong CMI, few acid-fast bacilli, few flat skin lesions
Lepromatous - weak CMI, many acid-fast bacilli, multiple, bilateral nodular skin lesions, leonine facies

Front 15

opportunistic mycobacteria that is associated with pulmonary infections in patients with cancer, organ transplants, and AIDS

Back 15

M. avium-intracellulare

Front 16

Is M. avium-intracellulare contagious from person to person

Back 16

NO

Front 17

Eukaryotic

Back 17

fungi

Front 18

membrane sterol of fungi

Back 18

ergosterol

Front 19

different components of cell wall in fungi

Back 19

mannan
glucan
chitin

Front 20

mycelium

Back 20

intertwined bundles of hyphae forming a mat - mold

Front 21

arthroconidia

Back 21

fragmentation of hyphae

Front 22

oval cells that replicate by budding

Back 22

yeasts

Front 23

thermically dimorphic

Back 23

found in the environment as filamentous hyphae (mold) but grow in the body as yeasts

Front 24

psuedohyphae

Back 24

buds remain attached and elongate

Front 25

agar used for lab identification of fungi

Back 25

Sabouraud's agar

Front 26

stains used to look at fungi

Back 26

Silver stain
PAS stain

Front 27

three genera of dematophytes

Back 27

tichophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton

Front 28

what are tineas

Back 28

ringworms

Front 29

differentiate the location of the different tineas:
capitis
barbae
corporis
cruris
pedis

Back 29

capitis - hair and scalp
barbae - bearded region
corporis - glabrous skin
cruris - groin and perineal
pedis - foot

Front 30

causes permanent scarring and scalp hair loss

Back 30

tinea favosa

Front 31

forms both pseudohyphae and true hyphae in tissue

Back 31

Candida

Front 32

two fungi associated with skin infections

Back 32

Dermatophytes
Candida

Front 33

fungus associated with subcutaneous infections

Back 33

sporothrix schenckii

Front 34

associated with thorn puncture

Back 34

sporotrix schenckii

Front 35

fungi associated with deep infections that are not opportunistic

Back 35

Histoplasma capsulatum
coccidiodes immitis
Blastomyces dermatitidis

Front 36

fungi with no capsule and associated with bird and bat enriched soil

Back 36

Histoplasma capsulatum

Front 37

associated with spore inhalation during dusty activities such as caving or demolitions. Patient presents with flue, mucocutaneous lesions and pulmonary infiltrates and has not responded to antibacterial drugs.

Back 37

histoplasmosis

Front 38

grows in sand as hyphal filaments that devlop into arthroconidia, the inhaled arthroconidia devlop into spherules which produce endospores internally

Back 38

coccidiodes immitis

Front 39

associated with desert sand in the southwestern united states. erythema nodosum is good prognostic sign

Back 39

coccidiodes immitis

Front 40

yeast with broad-based bud and thick cell wall

Back 40

blastmyces dermatitidis

Front 41

fungal pneumonia less common than histoplasmosis but more indolent onset, less likely to self-resolve, and more likely to involve skin and bone is disseminated

Back 41

blastomyces dermatitids

Front 42

fungi associated with deep infections that are opportunistic

Back 42

cryptococcus neoformans
aspergillus fumigates
pneumocystis jiroveci
mucormycosis

Front 43

only fungal opportunist with a capsule

Back 43

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 44

associated with soil enriched pigeon droppings

Back 44

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 45

characteristics of non-opportunistic fungi

Back 45

all are thermally dimorphic
infection is transmitted human to human
asymptomatic of acute self-resolving mostly

Front 46

associated with most common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients
lab diagnosis

Back 46

Cryptococcus neoformans
look at CSF:
India wet mount for budding yeasts with capsules
look for antigen

Front 47

monomorphic filamentous fungus with dichtomous "y" branching

Back 47

Aspergillus fumigates

Front 48

fungus that cannot be grown in the lab, primarly occurs in AIDS patients

Back 48

pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 49

irregular nonseptate hyphae that branch at 90 degree angles

Back 49

mucormycosis

Front 50

associated with many buds coming off replicated fungi

Back 50

paracoccidiodes brasiliensis

Front 51

obligate intracellular bacteria requiring host ATP

Back 51

chlamydia

Front 52

elementary body

Back 52

infectious, extracellular form that is metabolically inactive that bind to epithelial cells found in chalmydia

Front 53

reticulate body

Back 53

intracellular form that is formed once the elementary body is endocytosed and becomes metabolically active, divide and produce new elementary bodies

Front 54

grown in McCoy cells for identification

Back 54

chlamydia

Front 55

serotypes D-K of chlamydia

Back 55

sexually transmitted
reproductive tract infections, neonatal pneumoniae, inclusion conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis

Front 56

cause trachoma
follicular keratoconjunctivitis
corneal scarring

Back 56

chlamydia serotypes A-C

Front 57

atypical pneumonia with persistent nonproductive cough transmitted from birds

Back 57

chlamydia psittaci

Front 58

mild atypical pneumoniae spread by respiratory droplet, 20% of community acquired pneumonae

Back 58

chlamydia pneumoniae

Front 59

All rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria except

Back 59

bartonella

Front 60

obligate intracellular bacteria that are able to produce limited ATP

Back 60

rickettsia

Front 61

different areas of replication between the different rickettsia

Back 61

rickettsia rickettsii - host's nucleus and cytoplasm
ehrlichia - leukocyte phagocytic vacuole
coxiella - phagolysosome
bartonella - not an obligate intracellular pathogen

Front 62

Wiel-Felix agglutination test

Back 62

Rickettsia

Front 63

have an affinity for epithelial cells where they mobilize host cell actin filbrils facilitating exit into adjacent cells

Back 63

Rickettsia

Front 64

rash being in the extremities involving palms and soles and move centrally to the trunk

Back 64

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii

Front 65

differentiate the different vector of rickettsia

Back 65

tick born - rickettsia ricketsii and ehrlichia chaffeensis
louse born - rickettsia prawazekii and bartonella quintana
aersol from sheep - coxialle burnetii
cat scratch - bartonella henselae

Front 66

associated with transovarian transmission via ticks

Back 66

RMSF

Front 67

epidemic typhus

Back 67

rickettsia prawazekii

Front 68

associated with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Back 68

ehrlichia chaffeensis

Front 69

nonspecific illness similar to RMSF without the rash

Back 69

ehrlichia chaffeensis

Front 70

reservoir is domestic sheep, transmission via aerosol, no rash

Back 70

coxiella burnetii

Front 71

cat scratch fever

Back 71

bartonella henselae

Front 72

fever and endocarditis seen in homeless alcoholics

Back 72

bartonella quintana

Front 73

reqiuires sterol-containing media

Back 73

mycoplasma

Front 74

smallest free-living bacteria, no seen in gram stain

Back 74

mycoplasma

Front 75

bacteria that does not invade after binds to epithelial cells

Back 75

mycoplasma

Front 76

extracellular human pathogen with respiratory spread

Back 76

mycoplasma pneumonae

Front 77

secretes hydrogen peroxide and superoxide causing ciliastasis and desquamation of respiratory epithelium

Back 77

mycoplasma pneumonae

Front 78

associated with being a superantigen

Back 78

mycoplasma pneumonae

Front 79

chlamydia-negative nongonococcal urethritis in men

Back 79

mycoplasma gentalium

Front 80

associated with cervicitis, endometritis, and PID in women

Back 80

mycoplasma gentalium

Front 81

metabolizes in urea and causes chlamydia-negative nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis

Back 81

ureaplasma urealyticum

Front 82

PrP-C

Back 82

noninfectious proteinaceous particle

Front 83

PrP-SC

Back 83

infectious, disease-linked misfolded proteinaceous particle

Front 84

how do prions cause disease

Back 84

cause neurodegenerative diseases by aggregating extracellularly within the CNS to form amyloid plaques

Front 85

glycolipid unique to M. leprae

Back 85

phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-1)

Front 86

inhibits growth of fungi

Back 86

cyclohexamide

Front 87

monomorphic yeast with a capsule

Back 87

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 88

stain with mucicarmine

Back 88

crytpococcus neoformans

Front 89

monomorphic filamentous fungus with inhaled airborn arthroconidia small enough to be angioinvasive

Back 89

aspergillus fumigates

Front 90

all of these bacteria invade epithelial cells and result in granuloma formation

Back 90

chlamydia

Front 91

gram (-) cell wall and therefore aren't susceptible to lysozyme

Back 91

rickettsia

Front 92

major virulence factor is adherence proteins

Back 92

mycoplasma