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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Protestant Reformation |
A religious movement in the 1500's that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches. |
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Indulgences |
Pardons issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul's time in Purgatory; from 1100's to 1500's indulgences could be purchased, which led to corruption. |
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Martin Luther |
German Monk whose protests against the Catholic Church in 1517 led to calls for reform and the movement known as the Reformation |
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Theocracy |
A government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority. |
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John Calvin |
French Protestant theologian of the reformation who founded Calvinism, which was associated with the doctrine of predestination. |
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Predestination |
The belief that at the begining of time God decided who would gain salvation. |
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Counter-Reformation |
The Catholic Church's series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism |
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Scientific Revolution |
A transformation in European thought in the 1500's and 1600's that called for Scientific observation, experimentation and the questioning of traditional authorities. |
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Geocentric Theory |
A scientific theory that has the Earth as the center of the Universe with the sun and the stars revolving around it. |
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Scientific Method |
A method of inquiry that promotes observing, measuring, explaining and verifying as a way to gain scientific influence. |
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Nicolaus Copernicus |
Polish astronomer; he proposed the heliocentric, or sun centered theory of the universe. |
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Heliocentric Theory |
A scientific theory that has the sun as the center of the universe with the Earth rotating around the sun. |
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Galileo Galilei |
Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist. His discoveries, including the law of motion and falling objects, put him in conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. |
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Isaac Newton |
English mathematician and natural philosopher; he discovered the law of gravity as well as laws on the physics of objects. |
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The Enlightenment |
A time of optimism and possibility from late 1600's to the late 1700's; also called the Age of Reason. |
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Social Contract |
An agreement between a people and their government, stating that people would give up some of their freedom and in return, their government would provide them with peace, security and order. |
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John Locke |
English philosopher; he developed political and economic theories during the Enlightenment. He wrote the "Two Treasties on Government" in which he declared that people have a right to rebel against governments that do not protect their rights. |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Swiss-French political philosopher; he valued the social contract and addressed the nature of man in his work, "On the Origin of Inequality." |
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Baron de Montesquieu |
French Philosopher; he explored the democratic theories of government. He proposed a government divided into three branches and greatly influenced teh United States Constitution. |
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Voltaire |
French philosopher and author; He advocated a tolerant approach to religion. |