World History Holt Chapter 6 Unit 2 Renaissance & Reformation

Front 1

Who were the humanists?

Back 1

People who specialize in studying the humanities, which includes grammar, history, poetry and rhetoric.p163

Front 2

In relation to art, what is perspective?

Back 2

Art technique that involves making distant objects smaller than those in the foreground and arranging them to create the illusion of depth on a flat canvas. p164

Front 3

What is the Renaissance?

Back 3

Movement following the Middle Ages that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece & Rome; French word meaning rebirth. Began in 1300s and lasted until about 1700. p162

Front 4

What is the Renaissance?

Back 4

Movement following the Middle Ages that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece & Rome; French word meaning rebirth. Began in 1300s and lasted until about 1700. p162

Front 5

What were the events that led to the Renaissance in Italy?

Back 5

Crusades & trade led to contact with the Byzantine civilization, renewed acquaintance with classical Greek and Roman literature, and knowledge of Arab & African achievements in science and medicine.

Front 6

How did religion influence Renaissance art and thought?

Back 6

Renaissance art combined religious themes with the humanistic values of the era, showed religious figures as realistic human beings; Renaissance thought included leading a meaningful life, & belief in human dignity

Front 7

How did religion influence Renaissance art and thought?

Back 7

showed religious figures as realistic human beings; Renaissance thought included leading a meaningful life, & belief in human dignity

Front 8

What ethical issues did humanists struggle with during the Italian Renaissance?

Back 8

trying to strike a balance between spiritual and earthly quests

Front 9

What are some characteristics of Renaissance thought?

Back 9

Renaissance thought included a critical approach, study of the classics, and admiration of human achievement.

Front 10

What are some characteristics of Renaissance literature?

Back 10

Renaissance literature used classical writers as models, and showed concern for morality.

Front 11

What were some characteristics of Renaissance art?

Back 11

Renaissance art combined religious themes with humanistic values, realistic human figures and scenes, use of perspective.

Front 12

What were some characteristics of Renaissance art?

Back 12

Renaissance art combined religious themes with humanistic values, realistic human figures and scenes, use of perspective.

Front 13

What was the Counter Reformation?

Back 13

Attempt by the Catholic Church, following the Reformation, to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters. p178

Front 14

What was the Counter Reformation?

Back 14

Attempt by the Catholic Church, following the Reformation, to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters. p178

Front 15

What was the Council of Trent?

Back 15

Meeting of Church leaders in the 1500s to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent acted to end the sale of indulgences and to tighten discipline within the clergy. p177

Front 16

What was the Council of Trent?

Back 16

Meeting of Church leaders in the 1500s to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent acted to end the sale of indulgences and to tighten discipline within the clergy. p177

Front 17

Who were the Jesuits?

Back 17

The Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) was a Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178

Front 18

Who were the Jesuits?

Back 18

The Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) was a Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178

Front 19

Who was Ignatius de Loyola?

Back 19

Loyola founded a Catholic religious order called the Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178

Front 20

Who was Ignatius de Loyola?

Back 20

Loyola founded a Catholic religious order called the Jesuits (or Society of Jesus) in 1534. Loyola organized the Jesuits like a military boot camp with discipline & strict obedience. They stressed education & founded many colleges. p177-178

Front 21

What are some ways the Catholic Church made reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation?

Back 21

Responses to Protestant Reformation were called the Counter-Reformation & included: ending sale of indulgences, tightened discipline within clergy, brought Inquisition to Rome, established Index of Forbidden books, reaffirmed doctrine, formed new religious orders, & spread Catholicism.

Front 22

What are some ways the Catholic Church made reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation?

Back 22

Responses to Protestant Reformation were called the Counter-Reformation & included: ending sale of indulgences, tightened discipline within clergy, brought Inquisition to Rome, established Index of Forbidden books, reaffirmed doctrine, formed new religious orders, & spread Catholicism.

Front 23

Why did the Catholic leaders feel the need to launch the Counter-Reformation?

Back 23

They finally realized that Protestantism posed a threat to the Catholic Church.

Front 24

What were some positive and negative results of the Counter-Reformation?

Back 24

As a positive result, the Counter-Reformation solidified & improved the Catholic Church. As a negative result, it helped cause religious wars.

Front 25

What are broadsides?

Back 25

Single printed news sheets sold to the public in the 1500s. A broadside might include a royal decree or news of some sensational crime or other event. p183

Front 26

What are almanacs?

Back 26

Almanac were most common books in the Renaissance. They were books that predicted the weather & the prospects for growing crops, & contained calendars, maps, & medical advice. p183

Front 27

What is a standard of living?

Back 27

It is a measure of the quality of life. It is affected by many factors, including environment, health, home life, income, & working conditions. Life for most Europeans improved in the 1500s. p184

Front 28

What was daily life like in the 1500s?

Back 28

Long hard days of work; holiday ceremonies; close-knit communities; odd behavior treated harshly; widespread belief in superstition & witchcraft.

Front 29

What was daily life like in the 1500s?

Back 29

Long hard days of work; holiday ceremonies; close-knit communities; odd behavior treated harshly; widespread belief in superstition & witchcraft.

Front 30

What evidence would you give that the printing press had significant influence during the Renaissance?

Back 30

Broadsides, almanacs & other books, and the founding of new schools.

Front 31

Why did urban life lead to the growing "disenchantment" of the world?

Back 31

Townspeople and city folk became more sophisticated; people sought rational explanations for everyday events.

Front 32

Did life improve for most Europeans during the 1500s?

Back 32

Factors that suggesting a better life: increase in education, movement from country to city, & better diet. However, lives of many peasants changed little.

Front 33

What were the main values that generally characterized the the Italian humanists?

Back 33

a critical approach; studied classics (Greek / Roman culture), & admired human achievements

Front 34

What new painting styles & techniques developed during the Italian Renaissance?

Back 34

use of perspective and more realistic portrayals.

Front 35

How did northern Europeans learn about the Italian Renaissance?

Back 35

from travelers to and from Italy; and from books, and broadsides made possible by the printing press

Front 36

How did northern Renaissance writers differ from the writers of the Italian Renaissance?

Back 36

They were interested in early Christian life as well as classical cultures (Greeks / Romans)

Front 37

What role did the sale of indulgences by the church play in the Reformation?

Back 37

it created opposition in northern Europe being one of the reasons for criticism of the Catholic Church

Front 38

In what ways did Protestantism spread?

Back 38

through the Peace of Augsburg, rise of sects, creation of the Anglican church and Calvinism

Front 39

What actions did the Catholic Church take during the Counter-Reformation?

Back 39

clarified doctrines, brought Inquisition to Rome, strengthened discipline of clergy, stopped the abuses of the sales of indulgences, and established the order of Jesuits

Front 40

How did the Reformation and Counter-Reformation affect education?

Back 40

education and reading became more important, more universities were founded

Front 41

How did the Reformation and Counter-Reformation affect education?

Back 41

education and reading became more important, more universities were founded

Front 42

What actions did the Catholic Church take during the Counter-Reformation?

Back 42

clarified doctrines, brought Inquisition to Rome, strengthened discipline of clergy, stopped the abuses of the sales of indulgences, and established the order of Jesuits

Front 43

Why did Europeans believe in superstitions?

Back 43

People looked for explanations for everyday occurrences.

Front 44

Why did Europeans believe in superstitions?

Back 44

People looked for explanations for everyday occurrences.

Front 45

What effect did the ideas of Luther and other religious reformers have on the relations between different groups in Europe?

Back 45

They led conflicts (arguments, disagreement, etc)

Front 46

What effect did the printing press have on the ways that European understood their world?

Back 46

It increased the spread of new ideas.

Front 47

What effect did the printing press have on the ways that European understood their world?

Back 47

It increased the spread of new ideas.

Front 48

How did the classical literature of Greece influence the development of humanism?

Back 48

They provided one of the main features of Renaissance humanist thought.

Front 49

What factor was mainly responsible for the decline of traditional culture?

Back 49

The world beyond the village became known through the availability of printed works like broadsides & almanacs, because of the development of the printing press.

Front 50

What factor was mainly responsible for the decline of traditional culture?

Back 50

The world beyond the village became known through the availability of printed works like broadsides & almanacs, because of the development of the printing press.