Mwh - Unit 2 - New Ideas

Front 1

Protestant Reformation

Back 1

A religious movement in the 1500's that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches.

Front 2

Indulgences

Back 2

Pardons issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul's time in Purgatory; from 1100's to 1500's indulgences could be purchased, which led to corruption.

Front 3

Martin Luther

Back 3

German Monk whose protests against the Catholic Church in 1517 led to calls for reform and the movement known as the Reformation

Front 4

Theocracy

Back 4

A government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority.

Front 5

John Calvin

Back 5

French Protestant theologian of the reformation who founded Calvinism, which was associated with the doctrine of predestination.

Front 6

Predestination

Back 6

The belief that at the begining of time God decided who would gain salvation.

Front 7

Counter-Reformation

Back 7

The Catholic Church's series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism

Front 8

Scientific Revolution

Back 8

A transformation in European thought in the 1500's and 1600's that called for Scientific observation, experimentation and the questioning of traditional authorities.

Front 9

Geocentric Theory

Back 9

A scientific theory that has the Earth as the center of the Universe with the sun and the stars revolving around it.

Front 10

Scientific Method

Back 10

A method of inquiry that promotes observing, measuring, explaining and verifying as a way to gain scientific influence.

Front 11

Nicolaus Copernicus

Back 11

Polish astronomer; he proposed the heliocentric, or sun centered theory of the universe.

Front 12

Heliocentric Theory

Back 12

A scientific theory that has the sun as the center of the universe with the Earth rotating around the sun.

Front 13

Galileo Galilei

Back 13

Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist. His discoveries, including the law of motion and falling objects, put him in conflict with the Roman Catholic Church.

Front 14

Isaac Newton

Back 14

English mathematician and natural philosopher; he discovered the law of gravity as well as laws on the physics of objects.

Front 15

The Enlightenment

Back 15

A time of optimism and possibility from late 1600's to the late 1700's; also called the Age of Reason.

Front 16

Social Contract

Back 16

An agreement between a people and their government, stating that people would give up some of their freedom and in return, their government would provide them with peace, security and order.

Front 17

John Locke

Back 17

English philosopher; he developed political and economic theories during the Enlightenment. He wrote the "Two Treasties on Government" in which he declared that people have a right to rebel against governments that do not protect their rights.

Front 18

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Back 18

Swiss-French political philosopher; he valued the social contract and addressed the nature of man in his work, "On the Origin of Inequality."

Front 19

Baron de Montesquieu

Back 19

French Philosopher; he explored the democratic theories of government. He proposed a government divided into three branches and greatly influenced teh United States Constitution.

Front 20

Voltaire

Back 20

French philosopher and author; He advocated a tolerant approach to religion.