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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transmission of traits from one generation to the next
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heredity
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differences btw. memebers of the same species
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variation
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scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
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Genetics
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coded information in the form of hereditary units
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genes
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a genes specific location on a chromosome
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locus
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a single individual is sole parent, passes copies of all its genes to its offspring
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asexual reproduction
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a group of genetically identical individuals
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clone
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two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
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sexual reproduction
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generation-to-gerneration sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism
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life cycle
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any cell of multicellular organism except sperm or egg cells
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somatic cell
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method of organizing chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type
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karyotype
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have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
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homologous chromosomes
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one of the pair of chromosomes respomsible for determining the sex of an individual
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sex chromosomes
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A chromosome that is not directly invovled in determining sex
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autosomes
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a haploid cell such as an egg or sperm
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gametes
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cell containing only one set of chromosomes
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haploid cell
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union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
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fertilization
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cellular union during fertilization
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syngamy
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fertilized egg
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zygote
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cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes
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diploid cell
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2-stage type of cell division; results in cells w/ half the chromosome number of the original cell
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meiosis
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life cycle in which there are 2 forms: multicellular diploid (sporophyte), and multicellular haploid(gametophyte)
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alternation of generations
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results from union of gametes, produces haploid spores that grow into gametophytes
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sporophyte
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haploid cell that divideds mitotically, generating a gametophyte
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spores
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haploid form, mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation
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gametophyte
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1st division of a two-stage process, results in cells w/ half the chromosome number of the original cell
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meiosis 1
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2nd division, results in cells w/ half the chromosome number of the original cell
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meiosis 2
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the pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
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synapsis
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paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids
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tetrad
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X-Shaped region representing homologous chromatids that have exchange genetic material through crossing over
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chiasmata
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exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during meiosis 1
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crossing over
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created when crossing over combines the DNA from 2 parents into a single chromosome
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recombinant chromosomes
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