Biology Genetics/meiosis List

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Crossing over

Back 1

the genes are all different because they're scrambled(?)

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meiosis/gametes

Back 2

sex to get new cells

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mitosis/somatic

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ordinary cloning of the cells

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oogenesis

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the origin and development of the ovum

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spermatogenesis

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the origin and development of spermatozoa.

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ovum

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the female reproductive cell or gamete of animals, which is capable of developing, usually only after fertilization, into a new individual.

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polar bodies

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function: n
one of the minute cells arising from the unequal meiotic divisions of the ovum at or near the time of fertilization.

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xy/XX sex chromosomes

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determines if you're a boy or girl

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autosomes

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any chromosome other than a sex chromosome

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haploid

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Biology . an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number.

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diploid

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having the basic number of chromosomes doubled
2n

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n + n = 2n

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two haploids make a diploid

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nondisjunction

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the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division.

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monosomy

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chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number

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trisomy

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an abnormality characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome to the normal diploid number.

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homologous chromosomes

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two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that are identical in appearance and pair during meiosis

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Mendel

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father of genetics/pea plants/math prove inheritence/punnett squares

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Law of Segregation

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you only get half from each of your parents

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Law of independent assortment

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that one half will be a random one half

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homozygous recessive

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non capital letters: aa, bb, vv, tt

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homozygous dominant

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capital letters: AA, BB, VV, TT

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heterozygous

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a mix of capital and noncapital letters: Aa, Bb, Vv, Tt

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F:Filial

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family # the generations of across

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sex linked

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something that occurs on the sex X chromosom/ boys are more affected

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inbreeding

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mating within a family

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test cross

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cross something (aa) with (Aa, or AA) to see if its hidden

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heredity

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inheriting and passing on

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punnett square

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use to calculate probability

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probability

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(1/2, 50%, 1:2) likelihood of an event to occur

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phenotype

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is what we see (how it looks)

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genotype

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letters, genes, and if they are dominant or recessive

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monohybrid

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1 trait cross (dimple = 1 trait, D or d) 4 square punnett

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Dihybrid

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2 trait cross (dimple and tall) 16 square punnett