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206 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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an / o
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anus
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append / o
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appendix
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appendic / o
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appendix
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bucc / o
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cheek
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cec / o
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cecum
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celi / o
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abomen
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cheli / o
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lip
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cholecyst / o
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gallbladder
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choledoch / o
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common bile duct
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col / o
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colon / large intestines
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colon / o
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colon
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dent / i
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tooth
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duoden / o
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duodenum
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enter / o
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small intestines
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esophag / o
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esophagus
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faci / o
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face
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gastr / o
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stomach
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gingiv / o
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gums
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gloss / o
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tongue
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hepat / o
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liver
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ile / o
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ileum
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jejun / o
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jejunum
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labi / o
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lip
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lapar / o
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abdomen
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lingu / o
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tongue
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mandibul / o
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mandible
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odont / o
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tooth
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or / o
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mouth
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palat / o
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palate
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pancreat / o
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pancreas
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pharyng / o
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throat
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peritone / o
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peritoneum
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proct / o
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anus and rectum
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pylor / o
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pyloric sphincter
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rect / o
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rectum
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sialaden / o
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salivary gland
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sigmoid / o
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sigmoid colon
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stomat / o
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mouth
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amyl / o
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starch
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bil / i
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gall / bile
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bilirubin / o
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bilirubin
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chol / e
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gall / bile
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gluc / o
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sugar
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glyc / o
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sugar
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lip / o
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fat / lipid
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lith / o
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stone
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prote / o
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protein
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sial / o
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saliva / salivary
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steat / o
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fat
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-ase
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enzyme
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-chezia
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defecation / elimination of waste
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-iasis
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abnormal condition
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passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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absorption
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samll building blocks of proteins (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested
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amino acids
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enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
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amylase
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terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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anus
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blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant [RLQ]). it literally means hanging (pend / o) on to (ap-, which is a form of ad-).
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appendix
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digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. it breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. bile originally was called gall (Latin bilis, meaning gall or anger), probably because it has a bitter taste. it is composed of bile pigments (colored materials), cholesterol, and bile salts.
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bile
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pigment released by the liver in bile
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bilirubin
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intestine
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bowel
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pointed, dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
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canine teeth
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first part of the large intestine
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cecum
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large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum
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colon
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carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. also called the choledochus.
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common bile duct
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carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
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choledochus
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elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
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defecation
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swallowing
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deglutition
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the primary material found in teeth. it is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
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dentin
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breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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digestion
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first part of the small intestine. duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long
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duodenum
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act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces
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elimination
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physical process of reaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat
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emulsification
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hard, outermost layer of a tooth
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enamel
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a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. enzymes are given names that end in -ase
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enzyme
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tube connecting the throat to the stomach. eso- means inward; phag / o means swallowing.
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esophagus
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substances produced when fats are digested
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fatty acids
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solid wastes; stool
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feces
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small sac under the liver; stores bile.
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gallbladder
remember - gallbladder is one word. |
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simple sugar
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glucose
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starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells
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glycogen
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substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
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hydrochloric acid
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third part of the small intestine; from the Greek eilos, meaning twisted.
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ileum
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one of four front teeth in the dental arch
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incisor
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hormonr produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
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insulin
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second part of the small intestine
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jejunum
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pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
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lipase
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a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. it secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells.
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liver
normal adult liver weighs about 2.5 to 3 pounds. |
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ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
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ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
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cardiac sphincter
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chewing
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mastication
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the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
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molar teeth
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the fourth and fifth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
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premolar teeth
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roof of the mouth
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palate
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organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods).
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pancreas
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small elevations on the tongue. a nipple-like elevation
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papillae (sing. papilla)
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salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
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parotid gland
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rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs (stomach, small intestine, and colon).
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peristalsis
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in the gastrointestinal tract, peristalsis moves the contents through at diferent rates: stomach, .5 to 2 hours; small intestine, 2 to 6 hours; and colon, 6 to 72 hours
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peristalsis
peri- means surrounding -stalsis means constriction |
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throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
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pharynx
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large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
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portal vein
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enzyme that digests protein
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protease
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soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
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pulp
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ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.
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pyloric sphincter
pyloros means gatekeeper. it is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it |
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distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
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pylorus
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last section of the large intestine connecting the end of the colon and the anus
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rectum
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ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
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rugae
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digestive juice produced by salivary glands
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saliva
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parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
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salivary glands
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fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
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sigmoid colon
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circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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sphincter
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muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
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stomach
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stomach parts
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fundus (proximal section)
body (middle section) antrum (distal section) |
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fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
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triglycerides
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soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
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uvula
uva means bunch of grapes |
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microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absob nutrients into the blood stream
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villi (sing.: villus)
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an / o
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anus
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append / o
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appendix
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appendic / o
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appendix
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bucc / o
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cheek
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cec / o
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cecum
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celi / o
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belly, abdomen
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cheil / o
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lip
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labi / o
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lip
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cholecyst / o
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gallbladder
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choledoch / o
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common bile duct
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col / o
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colon, large intestine
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colon / o
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colon
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dent / i
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tooth
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odont / o
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tooth
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duoden / o
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duodenum
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enter / o
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intestines, usually small intestine
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esophag / o
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esophagus
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faci / o
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face
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gastr / o
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stomach
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gingiv / o
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gums
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gloss / o
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tongue
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hepat / o
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liver
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ile / o
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ileum
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jejun / o
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jejunum
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lapar / o
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abdomen
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lingu / o
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tongue
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mandibul / o
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lower jaw, mandible
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odont / o
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tooth
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orth / o
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straight
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or / o
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oral
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palat / o
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palate
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pancreat / o
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pancreas
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peritone / o
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peritoneum
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pharyng / o
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throat
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proct / o
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anus and rectum
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pylor / o
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pyloric sphincter
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rect / o
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rectum
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sialaden / o
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salivary gland
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sigmoid / o
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sigmoid colon
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stomat / o
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mouth
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uvul / o
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uvula
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amyl / o
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starch
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bil / i
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gall, bile
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bilirubin / o
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bilirubin (bile pigment)
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chol / e
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gall, bile
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lith / o
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stone, calculus
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chlorhydr / o
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hydrochloric acid
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gluc / o
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sugar
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glyc / o
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sugar
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gycogen / o
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glycogen, animal starch
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lip / o
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fat, lipid
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prote / o
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protein
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sial / o
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salivary, salivary
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steat / o
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fat
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-ase
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enzyme
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-chezia
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defecation, elimination of waste
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-iasis
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abnormal condition
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-prandial
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meal
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eti / o
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cause
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idi / o
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unknown
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etiology
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the study of the cause
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eti / o / logy
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idiopathic
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pertaining to unknown disease
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idi / o / path / ic
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lack of appetite
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anorexia
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loss of appetite associated with emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain.
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anorexia nervosa
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-orexia
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appetite
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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ascites
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rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
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borborygmus
(plural: borborygmi) |
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difficulty in passing stools (feces)
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constipation
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frequent passage of loose, watery stools
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diarrhea
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difficulty in swallowing
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dysphagia
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gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
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eructation
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belching
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eructation
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gas expelled through the anus
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flatus
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excessive gas in the stomach and the intestines
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flatulence
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passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
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hematochezia
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yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
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jaundice
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jaundice
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icterus
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black, tarry stools: feces containing digested blood
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melena
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unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
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nausea
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fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecaal matter
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steatorrhea
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inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
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aphthous stomatitis
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tooth decay
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dental caries
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accumulation of foods, proteins from saliva, and necrotic debris on the tooth enamel
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dental plaque
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inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
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herpetic stomatitis
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painful fluid-filled blisters on the lips, palate, gums, and tongue
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fever blisters
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painful fluid-filled blisters on the lips, palate, gums, and tongue
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cold sores
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white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
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oral leukoplakia
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inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
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peridontal disease
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a result of accumulation of dental plaque and dental calculus or tartar
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gingivitis
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a yellow-brown calcified deposit on teeth
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tartar
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using a metal instrutment to scrape away plaque and tartar from teeth; any pockets of pus are then drained and removed to allow new tissue to form
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gingivectomy
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