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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mutation? |
A mutation is any change to the nucleotide base sequence of DNA |
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What is a frame shift? |
A frame shift is involved in any mutation where the number of bases is changed, changing the position of all other bases and changing what appears in the reading frame of each codon |
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What is a deletion mutation and what are its affects? |
A deletion mutation is when a base (nucleotide) is removed from the sequence, usually leading to a frame shift. |
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What is an addition mutation and what are its affects? |
An addition mutation is when a base (nucleotide) is added to the DNA base sequence, usually leading to a frame shift. |
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What is a duplication mutation and what are its affects? |
A duplication mutation is when a base (nucleotide) is duplicated, usually leading to a frame shift. |
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What is a substitution mutation and what are its affects? |
A substitution mutation is when one base (nucleotide) is replaced by another base. This can create 3 things. The same amino acid A different amino acid A stop codon |
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What is an inverse mutation and what are its affects? |
An inverse mutation is when a group of bases detatch from the DNA nucleotide sequence and rejoin in reverse order. This usually causes huge changes to the amino acid sequence and therefore the resulting polypeptide. |
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What is a translocation mutation and what are its affects ? |
A translocation mutation is when a group of bases leave one chromosome and are inserted into the base sequence of another chromosome. This can cause huge issues such as cancer and reduced fertility. |
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Name 2 benefits of mutation |
Increase in genetic diversity Can provide advantageous characteristics |
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Name 2 causes of mutation |
Chemicals High energy ionising radiation |
