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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mutation? |
A mutation in DNA refers to a change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule. This can happen due to various reasons such as copying errors, exposure to chemicals, viruses, and radiation. Mutations can involve a single nucleotide or multiple nucleotides. |
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Can mutations occur in gametes? |
Yes, mutations can occur in gametes (eggs and sperm) and can be passed to offspring. |
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Are all mutations harmful? |
Not all mutations are harmful. |
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What are the five types of chromosomes mutation? |
The five types of chromosome mutations are: Deletion Inversion Translocation Nondisjunction Duplication |
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What is a deletion mutation in a chromosome? |
A deletion mutation in a chromosome is when a piece of the chromosome is lost due to breakage. |
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Can an inverse mutation cause a chromosome segment to flip around backwards? |
Yes |
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What is a frameshft? |
A frameshift mutation is a type of gene mutation that occurs when one or more nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA) are inserted or deleted from a gene. This changes the "reading frame" of the gene and can cause the protein that is built from the gene to be constructed incorrectly. This can have serious effects on the function of the protein and the organism as a whole. |
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How does a frameshift mutation change the reading frame? |
A frameshift mutation changes the reading frame by inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence. This alteration causes a shift in the way the sequence is read, leading to the formation of incorrect proteins. This can be compared to changing a sentence, as the meaning of the words can change completely based on small changes in the arrangement of the letters. |
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What is the result of a point mutation? |
A point mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene and can result in three types of changes to the protein it codes for: silent mutations that code for the same amino acid, missense mutations that code for a different amino acid, and nonsense mutations that code for a stop codon and truncate the protein |
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What is a silent mutation? |
A silent mutation is a change in the DNA code that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid that the gene codes for. |
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What is a missense mutation? |
A missense mutation is a change in the DNA code that results in a different amino acid being coded for by the gene. |
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What is nonsense mutation? |
A nonsense mutation is a change in the DNA code that results in a stop codon being coded for by the gene, causing the protein to be truncated or shortened. |
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Can you explain what is sickle cell disease? |
Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the hemoglobin gene. The change in the DNA code leads to a different type of hemoglobin being produced, which causes red blood cells to become crescent-shaped (or "sickle" shaped) instead of round. This can cause problems with blood flow and oxygen delivery to the body. |
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What is the hemoglobin gene responsible for? |
The hemoglobin gene is responsible for coding for hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. |
