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548 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what two things are reflective of each other
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culture and music
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the conception, production, and consumption of a music largely reflects the....
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dominant social, economic and political values and structure of the cultural environment from which it emerged
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american popular music is a confluence of what two musical traditions
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1. ballad song of british isles 2. poly-rhythmic structure via the african dispora, namely the african slave trade in north american and the carribean
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what are anglo-irish ballads
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story telling songs, ancient in origin, associated with oral traditions and folk music- example of strophic form
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strophic form
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poetic structure using a continuously repetitive syllabic pattern/melody
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what is a polyrhythm
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the simultaneous sounding of multiple rhythms; multiple patterns of percussive sound that, when sounded together, generate an interlocking groove
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example of a polyrhythm
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bass drum patter + hi hat pattern + snare drum pattern = polyrhythm
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what american musical climate mirrored that of europe?
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pre-civil war musical climate
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two main social groups of pre-civi war/ mid 19th century american music
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1. classical music of high culture 2. folk music of folk cultures
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classical music oh high culture
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literate, ruling class, wealthier- print sheet music
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folk music of folk cultures
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illiterate, working class, poor- oral tradition music
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musically, what two musical cultures are closely intertwined
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classical music of high culture, folk music of folk cultures
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what is popular culture
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a mainstream cultural experience shared among the generality of a society and disseminated through mass media channels via internet televisions radio etc...
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pop culture is distinguishable from both..
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high and folk cultures, while frequently borrowing elements from both
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what was the earliest form of american popular entertainment- early to mid 19th century
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blackface minstrelsy
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what was blackface minstrelsy
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northern white musicians parodying the stereotypical racist perception of african american culture. performers applied burnt cork to their faces
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what do blackface minstrelsy shows incorporate? (4)
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1. theater 2. music 3. comedy 4. story telling
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minstrelsy had a dominant effect in the shaping of...
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racist stereotypes in the american public consciousness
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minstrelsy created the performance context of a new kind of musical theater consider the first genuinely...
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American art form
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when did minstrelsy begin to decline
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after the civil war, but did not disappear entirely
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who was the father of american music""
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Stephen Foster
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who was the best known composer of minstrel music
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stephen foster
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what songs did stephen foster compose (3)
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1. oh susanna 2. old folks at home (swanee river) 3. camptown races
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who was bert williams
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african american blackface performer
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what were the two popular minstrel characters
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jim dandy and jim crow
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jim dandy
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popular minstrel character- urban city slicker, socially awkward, prone to violence
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jim crow
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popular minstrel character- rural, ignorant, confused, clownish with oversized clothes
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what was ragtime
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style of popular music that features the formal structure of classical piano composition and complex polyrhythms and syncopations
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what has been permanently set into American popular musical styles and tastes
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characteristics of ragtime music
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who was scott joplin
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african american ragtime composer
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what song did scott joplin compose
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maple leaf rag
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when and where was Tin Pan Alley
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turn of the 20th century, new york city
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what was dominated by sheet music music publishers (pre-recording industry)
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tin pan alley
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songwriters in the tin pan alley did what with their songs
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plugged" their songs to publishing firms, who in turn would sell the song as sheet music to customers"
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the tin pan alley boosted what
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the piano boom
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the composers of the tin pan alley were predominately from
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jewish working class families
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tin pan alley is what kind of music phenomenon
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pop music phenomenon.
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tin pan alley music became included in what...
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high culture- the use of sheet music inadvertently excluded folk culture" consumers"
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who was Irving Berlin
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tin pan alley composer who composed over 1500 songs in his 60 year career, 19 broadway shows; 18 hollywood films
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what did Irving Berlin do to make diverse musical styles accessible
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combined diverse multicultural music styles and made them accessible to mainstream audiences
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what songs did Irving Berlin compose (6)
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1. god bless america 2. white christmas 3. there's no business like show business 4. blue skies 5. happy holiday 6. heat wave
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who was George Gershwin (Ira Gershwin)
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george was a classically trained tin pan alley composer who revered the blues and jazz
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George Gershwin helped establish what
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the american voice" in classical concert music as much as they made popular songwriting a high art"
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what piano concerto did George Gershwin compose?
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Rhapsody in Blue 1924
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what opera did George Gershwin compose?
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Porgy and Bess 1935
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what symphonic tone poem did George Gershwin compose?
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An american in paris 1928
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who composed the songs, they can't tale that away from me, someone to watch over me, i've got rhythm, and summertime (porgy and bess, 1935)
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tin pan alley composer, George Gershwin
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what is the 12-bar blues form
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AAB poetic structure comprised of three sections of four bars (4 + 4 + 4 = 12)
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what is call and response
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element of musical form- voice makes a call, which is then followed by a response of that call by another voice or voices
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call and response is derivative of...
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the field calls and work songs of pre-civil war american south
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what were the two main popular blues styles in the 1920's and 1930's
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1. female vocalist with band 2. male solo singer/guitarist
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how did blues have an influence on rock and roll? (4)
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helped make guitar the ionic rock instrument 2. themes were sorrow, longing, angst, sexual arousal and ability 3. music as perpetuating folklore/mystical tropes- taboos 4. cathartic release
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blue's cathartic release was expressed through (2)
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1. blue notes: tones between the tones"- very expressive 2. open, unedited expression of emotion"
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who was the empress of the blues""
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Bessie Smith
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who was the most successful blues singer of the 20's and 30's who toured extensively
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Bessie Smith
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who was the father of the blues
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W. C. Handy
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Who sang the song, St. Louis Blues, who composed it?
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Bessie Smith, W.C. Handy
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who was robert johnson
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one of the most influential blues guitarists of all time. remarkable technical ability, has legendary status as an American folk hero, recorded only 29 songs
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what songs did robert johnson record (2)
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1. come on in my kitchen 2. cross roads blues
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who was the first family" of country"
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the carter family
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the carter family represented what
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traditional, wholesome, rural family values
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how was mamma maybelle carter influential
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her style of guitar playing became influential
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who was the ramblin man""
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Jimmie rogers
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who was jimmie rogers
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ramblin man"- traveled extensively, cosmopolitan; recorded with many non-country artists (louis armstrong); incorporated many non-country musical sounds which later became associated with country (yodeling, steel guitar)"
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from the 1920's through the end of WW2 (1945), what was America's most popular music
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Big band Jazz- especially popular as dance music
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big band jazz incorporated instruments from
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western classical music (piano, trombone, trumpet) but played them in entirely unique ways
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what are big band jazz's musical roots
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roots in the music of Tin Pan Alley. ragtime and blues
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who sang the song, It dont mean a thing (if it aint got that swing)
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Duke Ellington
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duke ellington's song, It don't mean a thing, typified what?
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the ionic swing" rhythmic feel (syncopation)"
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what were race records
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name given to the recordings that ultimately popularized the blues, music was made by african american for african american listeners
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how many phonographs was race records
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78 rpm phonographs (3 minutes on each side)
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many race records were made as...
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field recordings
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the categorical term race" music eventually transitioned to the term"
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Rhythm and Blues
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what were hillbilly records
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name given to the recordings that ultimately popularized country music, music was made by whites for white listeners
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many hillbilly records were made as...
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field recordings
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how many phonographs were hillbilly records
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78 rpm phonographs (3 minutes on each side)
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the categorical term hillbilly" music eventually transitioned into the term.."
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Country and Western
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rhythm
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the organization of sound in time.
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beat
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the pulse of a song that recurs at a constant time interval (the sound you tap your foot to)
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tempo
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the rate at which the beat occurs. Tempo determines the fastness or slowness of a piece of music
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Measure/bar
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a repeated group of beats. these groupings are organized by strong and weak beat patterns
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subdivision
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the dividing up of the beat into equal parts
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syncopation
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occurs when sounds are heard at a moment that is rhythmically unexpected, most often in a part of a rhythmic pattern that is unstressed or weak
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backbeat
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an accent on a weak beat of a measure, usually 2 and 4
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rhythm section
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the instruments in a band that support the melodic voices. Typically include bass, drums, and a chordal instrument such as keyboard or rhythm guitar
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how did mass media shift after WW2
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rise of economy and middle class, advancements in technology, rise of disc jockeys (DJ's)
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how did national broadcasters change after WW2
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shifted from radio to television
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radio stations becoming regionally based after WW2
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connected local listeners with national trends
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2 major impacts DJ's had after WW2
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rise of youth culture, what people heard on the radio
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2 genres of music effected by evolution of musical style after WW2
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race and hillbilly music
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evolution of musical style (WW2) caused race music to...
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be relabeled Rhythm and Blues
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evolution of musical style (WW2) caused hillbilly music to...
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be relabeled Country and Western
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the DJ credited with using the term rock and roll for the first time
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Alan Freed
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Alan Freed
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Dj who used the term rock and roll for first time, early advocate for rhythm and blue and youth culture
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how was Alan Freed's career destroyed
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the PAYOLA scandal
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what is PAYOLA
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undisclosed exchange of payment for airtime
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2 notable causes of rise in youth culture after WW2
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availability of transistor radios and the movie Blackboard Jungle 1955
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benefits of the transistor radio
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the small device offered a personal and private experience, radios could now be heard away from authority figures
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what movie attempted to paint youth as violent and dangerous detriment to society in 1955
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Blackboard Jungle
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what movie featured the first rock and roll song in a movie
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Blackboard Jungle 1955
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what effects did the movie Blackboard Jungle have on youth culture
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inadvertently ruled the rise of youth culture
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Blackboard Jungle featured what song
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Rock around the clock by Bill Haley and his comets
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4 important record labels
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Chess records, Atlantic records, King records and Sun records
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What record label was Chicago based
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Chess records
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Chess records was closely associated with...
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Chicago Blues and Muddy Waters, and Chuck Berry
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what record label was known for their fair treatment of black musicians
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Chess records
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Atlantic records
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contributed greatly to R&B becoming the pop mainstream
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most successful R&B label by the 1950's (also recorded many jazz recordings)
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Atlantic records
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King records
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headed by Syd Nathan, originally a hillbilly label
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what record label recorded songs in both country and R&B
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King records
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Sun records
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headed by Sam Phillips, memphis based
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legendary rockabilly label that launched careers of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison and Carl Perkins
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Sun records
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two popular styles of gospel singing
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female vocals, male vocal quartets
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gospel female vocalist who sang, Move on up a Little Higher in 1947
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Mahalia Jackson
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Melisma
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singing many notes on one syllable- associated with gospel female vocalists
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gospel male vocal quartet that sang, Golden Gate Gospel Train in 1937
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Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet
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a cappella
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singing without instrumental accompaniment- associated with gospel male vocal quartets
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4 major R&B crossover artists/groups
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Louis Jordan, The Platters, Sam Cooke and The Coasters
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Louis Jordan
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saxophone player, band leader and songwriter who popularized jump blues and used riffs
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who popularized jump blues
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Louis Jordan
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jump blues
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a rhythm and blues crossover style that was a mixture of big band swing and boogie-woogie
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riffs
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melodic fragments that are frequently repeated throughout a song- usually simple and catchy, also called hooks
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who wrote the song, Choo-Choo-Ch-Boogie
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Louis Jordan
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The Platters
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represented styles such as classical and ballroom dance (uses orchestra), big band singing like Sinatra, Gospel (male a cappella + solo female vocals) and Tin Pan Alley style songwriting
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who performed the song, Smoke Gets in Your Eyes
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The Platters
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Sam Cooke
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(R&B crossover artist) notable for his extraordinary gospel-tinged vocal talent
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who sang the song, You Send Me
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Sam Cooke
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what song... 1) features R&B triple beat 2) electric guitar played as it would have been in big band 3) features female backing vocals
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You Send Me by Sam Cooke
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R&B triple beat
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three subdivisions of the beat, a rhythmic cousin of swing
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In the song, You Send Me, how is electric guitar played as it would have been in big band
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at times it plays chords in rhythm, at other times doubles the melody
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The Coasters
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(R&B crossover artists) performed music featuring humor and irony
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who performed the song, Yakity Yak
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The Coasters
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what song.... 1)incorporates country and western style shuffle beat 2)saxophone call and response riffs and solos 3) male gospel quartet a cappella vocals
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Yakity Yak by The Coasters
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musical characteristics of rhythm and blues (6)
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1) strong backbeat and strong syncopation 2) often a prominent triplet subdivision 3) horn solos 4)12- bar blues form 5) most frequently performed by blacks 6) visually similar in style to big band
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strongnbackbeat
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characteristic of R&B- emphasis on beats 2 and 4
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in rhythm and blues music, the prominent triplet subdivision is similar to...
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swing feel (often heard in right hand of piano)
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characteristic of horn solos in R&B music comes from...
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Jump blues and big band music
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common musical form of R&B music
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12-bar blues form
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visual characteristics of R&B music that is similar in style to big band (4)
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1)tuxes/suits 2)pianist as bandleader 3)bandstand 4) horn section
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greatest country star since Jimmie Rodgers
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Hank Williams (1923-1953)
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Hank Williams
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(1923-1953) country and western star, had short career, died at 30, wrote over 125 songs in his career which are considered songwriting masterpieces
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whose songs have been covered by many non-country musicians such as Ray Charles and James Brown
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Hank Williams
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who sang, Your Cheating Heart
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Hank Williams
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what song... 1)typical honkey tonk song 2)represents a fusion of pop songwriting, country sound and bluesy vocals 3)this fusion of elements became foundational to Rock and Roll/Rockabilly
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Your Cheating Heart by Hank Williams
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how was the song, Your Cheating Heart foundational to rock and roll/hillbilly music
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fused together pop songwriting, country sound and bluesy vocals
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considered one of rock and rolls first greatest guitarists
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Chuck Berry
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attributes of Chuck Berry
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1) influential solo style (two note solo riffs, very rhythmic) 2)almost always uses 12 bar blues form 3)distinctive country influence 4)formative influence on some of the greatest guitarists of the 1960's
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who was a formative influence on some of the greatest guitarists of the 1960's
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Chuck Berry
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What song was Chuck Berry's first hit
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Maybellene
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why was Chuck Berry's song, Maybellene rejected repeatedly by record lables
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for sounding too country for a Black man""
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what song became popular by the advocacy of DJ Alan Freed
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Maybellene by Chuck Berry
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What song tells the story of the african american experience
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Johnny B. Goode by Chuck Berry
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how is the authenticity of rock and roll claimed in the song, Johnny B. Goode by Chuck Berry
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tells the story of the african american experience- claims rock and roll is an african american art form
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what song is argued to be the first rock and roll song" by many historians and scholars"
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Rocket 88 by Jackie Brenston and Ike Turner
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who wrote and recorded the song, Rocket 88 in 1951
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Jackie Brenston with Ike Turner on guitar
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what are the lyrics of the song, Rocket 88 about
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a car (and also alcohol and sex)
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what song had the first example of guitar distortion
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Rocket 88
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Bo Diddley
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Early rock and roll and R&B artist- guitarist and song writer from New Orleans
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what song... 1) featured the Clave rhythm 2) demonstrates the prominence of rhythmic complexity over melody in rock and roll
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Bo Diddley by Bo Diddley
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clave rhythm
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syncopated rhythmic pattern originating in Afro-Cuban music and became one of the most fundamental rhythmic ideas in Rock and roll
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what was one of the most fundamental rhythmic ideas in rock and roll
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the clave rhythm
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Fats Domino
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early rock and roll and R&B artist- pianist and songwriter from New Orleans
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what successful R&B artist charted the most Top 40 Hits (36) behind Elvis and Pat Boone
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Fats Domino
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Whose popularity was based on the quality of his music, not his pop status
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Fats Domino
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who wrote the song, Mardi Gras in New Orleans in 1960
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Fats Domino
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what song... 1) featues the clave rhythm and clear influence of New Orleans Sound 2) features 12 bar blues form
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Mardi Gras in New Orleans by Fats Domino
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what song was a clear influence of the New Orleans sounds
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Mardi Gras in New Orleans by Fats Domino
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who wrote, Ain't that a Shame in 1955
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Fats Domino
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What kind of characteristics does the song, Ain't that a Shame by Fats Domino have
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R&B characteristics- 1) triplet beat 2)piano band leader 3) horn section
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whose recording of the song, Ain't that a Shame went to #1 while Domino's went to #10 shortly after
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Pat Boone's
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Little Richard
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Early rock and roll artist- pianist and songwriter from New Orleans
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what early rock and roll artist was as influential as a flamboyant showman as he was musician
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Little Richard
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how did Little Richard represent a new kind of musician and popstar
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aggressively challenged social norms
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how did Little Richard challenge social norms
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he was sexually expressive, iconic style, androgynous (gay?), explicit and fearless
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who wrote the song, Tutti Frutti
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Little Richard
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what kind of characteristics does the song, Tutti Frutti by Little Richard contain
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R&B charcteristics- 1)triplet beat 2)piano bandleader 3) horn section
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what song's lyrics had to be changed so they weren't so sexually explicit
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Tutti Frutti by Little Richard
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who covered the song, Tutti Frutti and changed lyrics so they weren't so sexually explicit
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Pat Boone
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the intro to the song, Tutti Frutti (“A-wop-bop-a-loo-bop-a-lop-bam-boom!”) represents...
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a New Orleans style drum intro and a clave rhythm
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Pat Boone
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frequently covered songs written by black R&B artists (Fats Domino, Little Richard)
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what artist made a very successful career from putting a white face on rhythm and blues)"
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Pat Boone
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who is the white, country counterpart to Little Richard
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Jerry Lee Lewis
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who influenced the development of melodious rock and roll
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Everly Brothers
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melodious rock and roll
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melody NOT rhythm is the musical focus of the songs
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Everly Brothers
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Early rock and roll artists- love songs with passionate and romantic themes- innocent personas
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what was a major musical influence of the Everly Brothers
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Country music, esp Hank Williams
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what rock and roll group features beautifully vocal rich harmonies
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the Everly Brothers
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Who sings the songs, Bye Bye Love and All I Have to do is Dream
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Everly Brothers
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Jerry Lee Lewis
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early rock and roll artist with a rockabilly connection- white country counterpart to Little Richard
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who was nicknamed the killer""
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Jerry Lee Lewis
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what artist featured songs with strong sexual overtones and had a stripped down band of only voice, piano, bass and drums
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Jerry Lee Lewis
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strong sexual overtones
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vocal style that imitates sexual vocalizations
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who wrote the songs, Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On and Great Balls of Fire
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Jerry Lee Lewis
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credited as king of rock and roll""
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Elvis Presley
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what artist was considered, all things to all people""
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Elvis Presley
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Elvis Presley
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produced non-stop string of hits, had a hollywood film career
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why was Elvis Presley considered all things to all people""
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he blended the extremes of innocence & danger, masculinity & sensitivity, sensuality & family values
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what made Elvis a new kind of singer
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his unique vocal styles added with traditional influences (blues, gospel, country)
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who was looking for a white man with a negro feel" and who did he find"
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Sam Phillips; Elvis Presley
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what was Elvis's first hit (rockabilly tune)
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Mystery Train
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what song features Elvis's masculine image, a modified blues form and prominent electric guitar
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Jailhouse rock
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the feel of the song Jailhouse Rock by Elvis is similar to..
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both rockabilly and R&B, yet is distinctively different (rock and roll)
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what song features Elvis's vulnerable image, clear gospel influence, soulful voice and solo guitar
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Love me Tender
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both musically and socially, buddy holly did what to rock and roll
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bridged rock and roll from its infancy in the 1950's to its maturity in the 1960's
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how was buddy holly influential to the aesthetic of alternative rock
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he stripped down rock and rock- focus on the SONG and the BAND- music was for LISTENING
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how was buddy holly influential as a songwriter
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he moved R&R into new levels of artistic maturity
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who inspired the song craft of the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan
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Buddy Holly
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stylistically and racially, buddy holly was an important...
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crossover artist
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how was buddy holly an important crossover artist
|
popular among black audiences, had country roots but was most popular on R&B charts, married Maria Santiago, a Puerto Rican girl
|
|
|
who was considered an important rock and roll icon because he was the anti-rebel
|
buddy holly
|
|
|
unlike elvis, little richard and chuck berry, what rock and roll artist wasn't a sexual icon and was considered absolutely harmelss
|
buddy holly
|
|
|
buddy hollys legacy as a rock star is attributed to...
|
youthful innocence, vulnerability and geekiness
|
|
|
how was buddy hollys death important
|
he was one of the first american rock star whose death was just as significant as his life
|
|
|
when and how did buddy holly die
|
february 2, 1959. holly, ritchie valens and the big bopper died in a plane crash near clear lake iowa
|
|
|
who saw buddy holly 3 nights before he died
|
Bob Dylan, at the national guard armory in Duluth
|
|
|
who sang the song Everyday
|
Buddy Holly 1957
|
|
|
what is the focus of the song, Not Fade Away by buddy holly
|
the song itself- musical focus is balance of instruments with the lyrics (no guitar solos or showmanship)
|
|
|
what provides a groove for the song Not Fade Away by buddy holly
|
a clave riff with a rockabilly feel
|
|
|
what song features the lyrics: and my love is bigger than a cadillac, I'll try and show it if you drive me back"
|
Not Fade Away by buddy holly 1957
|
|
|
whose death in 1959 was regarded as the greatest tragedy in all of rock history
|
buddy holly's
|
|
|
in the 1950's, rock and roll offered youth a feeling of....
|
musical salvation, eternal youth and reality without consequence
|
|
|
how did buddy hollys death affect the youth culture
|
confronted youth with a sense of reality
|
|
|
how was buddy hollys death a death of innocence both metaphorically and literally
|
did a plane crash kill buddy holly or did rock and roll kill buddy holly?
|
|
|
why was rock and roll no longer pure entertainment after buddy hollys death
|
presented very serious set of contradictions. it was a first glimpse that rock and roll was coming of age, like its fans
|
|
|
who influenced the modern stripped down rock band of vocals, guitar, bass and drums
|
buddy holly and the crickets
|
|
|
what led buddy holly to be known as an influential songwriter
|
his songs focus on MUSIC LYRICS and the BAND (not on dancing) which moved R&R into deeper levels of maturity
|
|
|
what was the point of rock and rolls maturity and transition from mere entertainment into a new kind of high art
|
buddy hollys death
|
|
|
who sang the song, the day the music died and what was it about
|
Don McClean 1971, about buddy hollys death
|
|
|
what rock and roll artist became a minister and renounced rock in roll in 1957
|
little richard
|
|
|
what rock and roll artist married his cousin and lost all popularity in 1957
|
jerry lee lewis
|
|
|
what rock and roll artist enlisted in the army in 1958
|
elvis presley
|
|
|
what rock and roll artist went to prison for violating the mann act in 1959
|
chuck berry
|
|
|
what was happening to americas economy in the 1950s
|
it was booming- US gross national product and record sales were rising
|
|
|
what type of music was on the rise in the late 50's early 60's after the death of rock and roll
|
pop music via the promotion of teen idols
|
|
|
how were name brand, revenue streaming teen idols created
|
philidelphia record companies hand picked and groomed young italian american talents""
|
|
|
what were some teen idols before they were singers
|
actors
|
|
|
why was the teen idol phenomenon created
|
to sell an image of the white american teenage experience
|
|
|
what promoted a new culture industry
|
teen idol music
|
|
|
what variations of the idea of promoting a new culture industry" still dominate pop culture to this day"
|
holister, abercrombie, disney, spring break rituals
|
|
|
teen idol music was dubbed...
|
schlock rock" but is referred to as pop"
|
|
|
what music was a resurgence of the traditional music industry, an attempt to reboot the Tin Pan Alley mass production
|
teen idol music
|
|
|
what creative characteristics of teen idol music pop" were similar to tin pan alley"
|
quality songwriting and quality production
|
|
|
who sang the song Venus
|
Frankie Avalon
|
|
|
the song Venus by Frankie Avalon was intended to sound..... what were the lyrics about
|
intended to sound unrealistic... the lyrics are a prayer to Venus, the greek god of love
|
|
|
pop music's what.... were more elaborate and complex than R&R
|
melodies and harmonies
|
|
|
what was an important role in the success of teen idol
|
visual media- television
|
|
|
what presented national and international trends
|
television
|
|
|
what happened to the radio in the 1960's
|
became more localized and personal- television took over
|
|
|
what talent show featured everything from opera to R&R
|
ed sullivan show 1948-1971
|
|
|
what show featured elvis's big tv break and the beatles US debut
|
the ed sullivan show
|
|
|
what show featured the top 40 music stars performing live with teenagers dancing
|
American bandstand with Dick Clark 1956-1989
|
|
|
what song was originally an R&B tune written by Hank ballard
|
the twist
|
|
|
who covered the song, The Twist in 1961
|
chubby checker
|
|
|
what song came out of the Philadelphia teen idol phenomenon and was the first hit of the dance craze
|
the twist by chubby checker
|
|
|
what song was the best selling single of all time until the 70's and reached #1 twice
|
the twist by chubby checker
|
|
|
the song, the twist was a clear influence of
|
R&B- 12 bar blues, horns
|
|
|
what song was a family friendly dance that would have been considered too sexually suggestive in the 50's
|
the twist by chubby checker
|
|
|
what song demonstrates the change of heart in american pop music tastes because of its widespread popularity
|
the twist by chubby checker
|
|
|
what happened to black music" sometime in the 1950s"
|
transitioned from a marginalized trend to leading the pace of mainstream pop music
|
|
|
what was regarded as the most important generator of popular songs in the Western world""
|
the brill building in the 1960s
|
|
|
why was the brill building important
|
it was an important songwriting center
|
|
|
what was literally a factory for songs)"
|
the brill building in 1960's
|
|
|
characteristics of the brill building 1960's
|
1. followed tin pan alley industry model 2. best songwriters and musicians in one place making dozens of songs as fast as they could 3. similar to pluggers, the best songs were chosen and made into hits
|
|
|
because the brill building generated the standard for quality in popular music it resulted in...
|
the accelerated production of singles for a growing consumer market
|
|
|
while tin pan alley produced the great american songboon", brill building produced the..."
|
new american songbook""
|
|
|
what was a perfect match for new experiments in recording
|
the brill building
|
|
|
what did brill building songs commonly explore
|
the recording studio as a musical instrument
|
|
|
brill building producers began to create recordings with sounds that...
|
could not be replicated live or by any other means than in the studio
|
|
|
how was creating recordings with sounds that could not be replicated live or by any other means than in the studio an important moment in rock and roll history
|
it signaled that a recording of a song could be as significant as the song itself
|
|
|
what raised the role of the recording engineer to the level of composer/performer
|
the fact that the sound experience on recording could not be replicated in live performance
|
|
|
how did phil spector's wall of sound" boost loudness of the instruments"
|
use of over-dubbing
|
|
|
what technique sounded very effective on the radio and jukeboxes and resembled reverb
|
over-dubbing
|
|
|
who was the first major producer as rock star" in rock and roll"
|
phil spector
|
|
|
what recording was the single most influential recording of the decade (1963)
|
Spectors recording of the Ronettes be my baby
|
|
|
who sang Be my Baby in 1963
|
the Ronettes
|
|
|
what song was the most revered song of all the 60's girl groups and remains one of the most imitated songs in all of modern popular music
|
be my baby by the ronettes
|
|
|
what song was the top song by a female group and #22 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest songs of all time
|
be my baby by the ronettes
|
|
|
the song, be my baby, by the ronettes was named what by Dick Clark (american bandstand)
|
the record of the century
|
|
|
what two albums are arguably the most influential popular music albums in history
|
the beatle's Sgt. Peppers and Brian Wilson (beach boys) Pet Sounds
|
|
|
who sang the song, Da Doo Ron Ron
|
The crystals
|
|
|
who founded Motown in 1960
|
Barry Gordy
|
|
|
what was motown
|
detroit based record label
|
|
|
who was Barry Gordy
|
first african american to create and mange a widely successful major record label- motown
|
|
|
motown was operated predominantly by...
|
blacks at every level of the pyrimid-like hierarchy
|
|
|
what functioned as a kind of finishing school" for young pop stars"
|
Motown
|
|
|
what proved that barry gordy was not only a pop music visionary, but also a genius entrepeneur
|
motowns crossover appeal with whites and longstanding business success
|
|
|
for the first time in history, music made exclusively by African Americans (motown) did what
|
set the standard of quality in white american pop music tatses
|
|
|
what symbolized the upward mobility of blacks in mainstream american society and culture
|
motown
|
|
|
what was motown's sound
|
a signature blend of pop and funk aka the sound of young america""
|
|
|
how were motown record producers similar to phil spector
|
1. motown record producers used specialized studio techniques to acquire particular sounds 2. used complex instrumental arrangments
|
|
|
who was motowns house band that was central to the motown sound
|
the funk brothers
|
|
|
what group had a total number of hits to their credit greater than that of the beatles, elvis, the rolling stones and the beach boys combined
|
the funk brothers
|
|
|
who is considered to be the greatest electric bass player ever
|
James jamerson of the Funk Brothers
|
|
|
who is James Jamerson
|
bassist who is the most widely acclaimed member of the Funk Brothers
|
|
|
who sang the song, for once in my life, 1968
|
Stevie wonder
|
|
|
what do the lyrics of the song, for once in my life, suggest
|
a consciousness of optimism and social change
|
|
|
who sang the song, I want you back, 1969
|
the jackson 5
|
|
|
who sang the song, aint no mountain high enough, 1967
|
marvin gaye and tammi terrell
|
|
|
ain't no mountain high enough by marvin gaye and tammi terrell represents what
|
a typical motown hit
|
|
|
how does the song, aint no mountain high enough, by marvin graye and tammi terrell feature the motown sound (4)
|
1. the funk brothers signature blend of pop and funk 2. complex instrumental arrangement that includes strings 3. pop songwriting features the (romantic) chemistry of marvin and tammis voices 4. uptempo pop energy pushes through entire song
|
|
|
who covered the song, aint no mountain high enough, in 1970
|
diana ross
|
|
|
the song, aint no mountain high enough, by diana ross represented
|
an ATYPICAL motown hit- it was something more formally complex and artful. unusually long for radio programming (6 min)
|
|
|
what is the form of the song, aint no mountain high enough, by diana ross
|
episodic
|
|
|
what is episodic
|
a series of unique but related scenes that together form a dramatic arc
|
|
|
the song, aint no mountain high enough, features diana ross as...
|
a pop diva/ prima donna
|
|
|
prima donna
|
first lady" (italian)- the female lead of an opera company to whom the major roles were given"
|
|
|
soul was a musical fusion of...
|
R&B rhythms and gospel vocals
|
|
|
what features of R&B rhythms did soul music have (4)
|
1, heavy backbeats 2. complex polyrhythms (funky grooves) 3, call and response 4. horns
|
|
|
what features of gospel vocals did soul music have (3)
|
1. female blues and gospel singers 2. male quartets from the 40's and 50's, frequently heard as horn lines and backing vocals 3. call and response (lyrically and musical imitation)
|
|
|
sociologically, soul is most closely associated with
|
the african american experience
|
|
|
soul music by definition has
|
spiritualized overtones, especially as a stylistic outgrowth of gospel
|
|
|
what kind of music was an important voice of the african american civil rights movement and 1960's feminist movement
|
soul music
|
|
|
what were 3 important soul record labels
|
1. stax 2. atlantic 3. motown
|
|
|
who sang the song, What I'd say in 1959
|
ray charles
|
|
|
who wrote and recorded the song, Respect, in 1965
|
Otis Redding
|
|
|
who covered the song, Respect in 1967
|
Aretha Franklin
|
|
|
what song became a feminist anthem and was #5 on rolling stones top 500 songs of all time
|
respect by aretha franklin
|
|
|
who sang the song, get up (i feel like being a) sex machine 1970
|
james brown
|
|
|
funk is a stylistic development of
|
soul
|
|
|
the song, get up (i feel like being a) sex machine, by james brown was considered by many to be
|
funk
|
|
|
james brown and funk in general exploit what idea to the max
|
the idea of rhythm over melody and harmony
|
|
|
what song as a form prophetically set the pace for hip hop music making
|
get up (i feel like being a) sex machine by james brown
|
|
|
how did the song, get up (i feel like being a) sex machine by james brown set the pace for hip hop music making (4)
|
1. complexity comes from looping polyrhythms in the rhythm section 2. james brown seems to orate more than sing 3. only two chords in the entire song 4. melodic material is entirely comprised of riffs
|
|
|
the 1960s was a time of high
|
anxiety- both nationally and internationally
|
|
|
why was the 1960s a time of high anxiety both nationally and internationally (4)
|
1. cold war and the cuban missle crisis (1962) 2. building of the berlin wall (1961) 3. john f kennedy assasination (1963) 4. u.s. involvement in vietnam war
|
|
|
in the 1960s there was an incredible upsurge of
|
counter cultural movements and activism for social justice
|
|
|
how was there an incredible upsurge of counter cultural movements and activism for social justice in the 1960s (5)
|
1. anti-war movement (vietnam) 2. feminist movement 3. martin luther king, malcom x and the african civil rights movement 5. american indian movement 6. the counterculter
|
|
|
what gave voice to the social justice movements in the 1960s
|
folk revival
|
|
|
folk artists from the 60s were looking back to whom for inspiration
|
the folkies of past decades (woody gutherie and pete seeger)
|
|
|
who wrote, I hate a song""
|
woody gutherie
|
|
|
who sang the song, this land is your land 1940
|
woody gutherie
|
|
|
what two ways did music evolve into deeper levels after the death of rock and roll" in the late 1950s"
|
musically (advances credited to the beatles) and lyrically (advances credited to bob dylan)
|
|
|
what formed our contemporary notion of ROCK MUSIC
|
the evolution of music lyrically and musically after the death of rock and roll in the 1950s. the two influences exerted their effect on eachother
|
|
|
1950s rock and roll evolves and matures into
|
rock in the 60's
|
|
|
where and when was bob dylan born
|
duluth in 1941
|
|
|
who was the most beloved singer-songwriter of the folk revival
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
who has been credited with changing the lyrical makeup of modern popular songs
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
what did bob dylan and his folk colleagues (especially joan baez) give weight to in the 1960s
|
the 60's social movements, especially Civil Rights
|
|
|
Bob dylan, joan baez and peter paul and mary opened for who in washington dc on august 28 1963
|
dr. martin luther king before he delivered the I have a dream speech
|
|
|
1960s folk artist followed an ideology of
|
authenticity over commercialism
|
|
|
authenticity=
|
integrity, humanity, goodness
|
|
|
commercialism=
|
the man", injustice, industrialization, evil"
|
|
|
folk revival intended to give the music a...
|
personal touch- no industry or technology moderating the songs, the people or the message
|
|
|
how was folk music musically accessible and simple (3)
|
1, acoustic instruments that enable solo performance 2. basic chord progressions- easy to learn and share 3. basic melodies-easy and simple enough for anyone to sing
|
|
|
bob dylan and co. revive the music-making practices of
|
the ballad tradtion
|
|
|
who sings the song, masters of war 1963
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
who sings the son, blowin' in the wind 1963
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
what happened to bob dylans music around 1963
|
started growing beyond the folk scene
|
|
|
how did bob dylans music start growing beyond the fold scene around 1963 (2)
|
1. lyric writing became less political and more personal 2. musical approach/songwriting style gradually drifted away from being strictly acoustic
|
|
|
by 1965 bob dylan had completely transitioned out of strict folk and into
|
electric rock
|
|
|
who was openly rejected while performing onstage at the 1965 newport folk festival
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
what was bob dylans first fully electric rock album
|
highway 61 revisited
|
|
|
by going electric, bob dylan effectively...
|
bridged the preciously incompatible worlds of music commercialism with musical authenticity
|
|
|
what created the style folk rock
|
when bob dylan went electric
|
|
|
what is folk rock
|
blends the aesthetics of folk with pop sensibilities
|
|
|
who sang the song, like a rolling stone
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
when did beatlemania begin
|
in february 1964 when the beatles performed on the ed sullivan show
|
|
|
what solified Britain as the new epicenter for music and fashion
|
films like, A hard says night, and fashion from Carnaby Street (london)
|
|
|
who was suddenly fighting for popularity and airtime because of the british invasion
|
american bands and rock and roll stars such as elvis and chubby checker
|
|
|
what inspired american bands to form the garage band""
|
the stripped down sound of the british bands
|
|
|
the beatles demonstrated a perfect balance of...
|
pop and rock aesthetics
|
|
|
what 5 songs did the beatles play on the ed sullivan show on february 9 1964
|
1. all my loving 2. till there was you 3. she loves you 4. i saw her standing there 5. i want to hold your hand
|
|
|
British invasion bands were intense fans of
|
american music, especially R&B and blues
|
|
|
the beatles first US singles were released on
|
a black owned label (vee jay)
|
|
|
many of the beatles earliest recordings were
|
R&B covers, paying tribute out of admiration
|
|
|
what helped black R&B artists rise to prominence among white American listeners
|
british invasion bands- because they were white
|
|
|
who enjoyed a kind of exchange program" with british rock bands"
|
Barry Gordy and motown
|
|
|
the song, house of the rising sun (aka the rising sun blues) was an
|
american folk ballad with unknown authorship
|
|
|
who made the song, house of the rising sun, a #1 hit in 1964 in five countries
|
The animals
|
|
|
the song, house of the rising sun illustrated an interesting relationship between
|
american and british rock
|
|
|
who were the BAD BOYS of the british invasion
|
The rolling stones
|
|
|
the rolling stones demonstrate
|
overt sexuality and individuality
|
|
|
the rolling stone's bad boy reputation was created as an alternative to
|
the beatles good boy reputation
|
|
|
what was part of the reason that the rolling stones were a success in america
|
it resurrected the same attitudes toward authority that made 1950's rock and roll a viable form of rebellion
|
|
|
who does the rolling stones borrow heavily from, musically
|
american blues
|
|
|
what are the rolling stones musical legacies (5)
|
1. jagger as frontman 2. prominence of keith richards bluesy riffs 3. solid 4/4 rock beat 4. cathartic and expressive musical delivery overall 5. lyrical themes similar to american blues
|
|
|
what band was considered the quintessential modern rock band" and why"
|
the rolling stones, because of their enormous success and their musical legacy
|
|
|
who sings the song, paint it black 1966
|
the rolling stones (jagger/richards/wyman)
|
|
|
who sings the song, (i cant get no) satisfaction 1965
|
the rolling stones
|
|
|
what was the rolling stones first #1 hit in america
|
i cant get no satisfaction
|
|
|
evolution
|
transition from simple entertainment to complex art form
|
|
|
lyrically, the evolution of rock is credited to
|
bob dylan
|
|
|
how did bob dylan evolve rock, lyrically (2)
|
1. brought a deeper sense of meaning to popular song 2. used poetic devices to communicate this meaning
|
|
|
musically, the evolution of rock is credited to
|
the beatles
|
|
|
what was one of the most significant creative advancements of 1960s rock music
|
the pursuit of the album as ART
|
|
|
sgt, pepper's lonely hearts club band (SPLHCB)
|
a beatles album released june of 1967. most important album of all time", one of the best selling albums in history"
|
|
|
how is the album sgt pepper's influential (3)
|
1. as a concept album 2. as a physical media 3. as a studio album
|
|
|
what is a concept album
|
an album containing songs that are in some way unified
|
|
|
how is the album sgt. peppers influential as a physical media
|
the cardboard packaging and the LP itself are conceived as art objects
|
|
|
what is a studio album
|
the sounds on the album couldn't be performed life- LP playback is the most authentic performance available
|
|
|
what production techniques were used in making the album SGT peppers
|
varispeeding, sound collage and other studio techniques used to manipulate sound
|
|
|
what is varispeeding
|
speeding up or slowing down the recorded tape to discover new sounds
|
|
|
what is sound collage
|
randomly selecting spliced tape segments and reassembling them
|
|
|
what is pareidolia
|
psychological phenomenon in which some kind of random stimulus is interpreted as significant
|
|
|
example of pareidolia
|
when loops were played backwards revealing hidden messages" that werent actually there"
|
|
|
how did the album sgt. peppers change the way people listened to popular music (3)
|
1. pop music presented lyrical riddles, mythology, hidden messages and deep poetic meaning 2. non-musical sound was now perfectly blended with musical sound 3. complex recording techniques extended the range of how instruments could be played""
|
|
|
who sang the song, a day in the life
|
the beatles
|
|
|
who sang the song, being for the benefit of mr kite
|
the beatles
|
|
|
some insist that the son, lucy in the sky with diamonds is about
|
psychedelic drugs- LSD. john lennon insisted it was about a fantasy-like picture his son made
|
|
|
the beach boys have been active since
|
1961
|
|
|
who founded the beach boys
|
brian, carl, and dennis wilson, mike love and family friend all jardine
|
|
|
who were the american counterpart to the beatles""
|
the beach boys
|
|
|
the beach boys started out by writing
|
simple pop tunes about california youth culture, love songs and surfing
|
|
|
the beach boy's earliest hits demonstrate
|
a very high degree of musical complexity in both songwriting and performance
|
|
|
what beach boys album signaled a clear point of artistic maturity
|
Pet sounds (1966)
|
|
|
what was the beach boy's legacy
|
inspired the classic sounds and images of california youth culture- surfing, hot rods, beaches
|
|
|
what was the beach boy's signature vocal sound
|
harmonically complex and skillfully performed
|
|
|
who was brian wilson
|
beach boys- one of the most well respected pop visionaries of all time; pop songwriting and recording studio genius
|
|
|
who sang the song, surfer girl in 1963
|
brian wilson
|
|
|
what song was a simple pop tune about young love and california youth culture and was strikingly similar to an early beatles pop song
|
surfer girl by brian wilson
|
|
|
what song clearly rips off Chuck Berry's, Johnny B Goode
|
Fun fun fun by brian wilson (beach boys)
|
|
|
who sang fun fun fun in 1964
|
brian wilson, mike love (the beach boys)
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what album was hailed as one of the greatest albums of all time (#2 on rolling stones list of the 500 greatest albums) and inspired the creation of the beatles, Sgt. Peppers album
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Pet sounds, 1966 by the beach boys
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how was the album, Pet sounds, musically surreal (4)
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1. features unconventional instrumental arrangements: has been described as baroque pop" 2. uses non-musical sounds in musical ways 3. unusual, yet completely coherent song structures 4. develops pop lyric writing sensibilities into new areas"
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the album, pet sounds, by the beach boys approaches what idea
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the idea of psychedelic music
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who sang the song, wouldn't be nice in 1966
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brian wilson (beach boys)
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who sang the song, I just wasn't made for these times
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brian wilson (beach boys)
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what song falls into the tradition of pop songs that sound like upbeat pop, but are actually about depression
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I just wasn't made for these times (beach boys)
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how is the song, good vibrations similar to old beach boys? how is it different?
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similar- light hearted poppy lyrics, complex vocal arrangement. different- a surreal psychedelic pop experience, described as a pocket symphony""
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why is the song, good vibrations, by the beach boys described as a pocket symphony" (2)"
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1. amazingly complex form- episodic, verses and choruses are weird" 2. a collision of different sections in a surreal series of musical scenes then an abrupt unexpected fade"
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what festival was arguably the single most important concert event of the 1960's
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the monterey pop festival, june 1967
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why was the monterey pop festival argued as the single most important concert event of the 1960s (5)
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1. first major rock festival 2. 50,000-90,000 people attended 3. included music from many popular styles (blues, pop, folk, soul and rock) 4. included american and british bands 5. helped bring psychedelia into the forefront of 1960s rock culture onward
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what festival set a template for future festivals like woodstock, lalapalooza, warp
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the monetery pop festival, june 1967
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the monetery pop festival is remembered as a symbol of: (3)
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1. the rise of the counterculture 2. the 1967 summer of love" 3. california becoming Americas leader of rock and roll culture"
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counterculture (1960's)
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hippies, psychedelia (drugs), free love, peace movement
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what coincides with the 1967 summer of love" and how"
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the counterculture: the music of the time reflects social shifts
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how was the counterculture a social experiment" (3)"
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1. mid-century conformity, social norms of personal restriction were being thrown away 2. traditional lifestyle standards were being freed" via psychedelic drugs, free love 3. musically, these ideas were frequently represented violently- loud volumes, stage destruction"
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if music is the reflection of a culture, then on-stage destruction and sacrifice could be regarded as: (3)
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1. a metaphor for the dismantling of traditional behavior 2. the birth of a new generation of rock culture 3. it is an artistic response to social change
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because of counterculture, the rock concert became a form of...
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performance art, theater, dance, religious/spiritual ritual
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what was the band, the who, included in
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the second wave" of the british invasion"
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how was the who a pop art band""
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they used pop culture themes to make artistic statements about youth experience and about the phenomenon of pop culture itself
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who was pete townsend
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the who- guitarist, principle songwriter, and creative mastermind; explored synthesizers
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who was roger daltrey
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the who- lead vocalist, style is powerful and skillful, yet seems to represent an everyman's" sound"
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who was john entwistle
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the who- celebrated as one of rock's greatest bassists- played active" bass lines"
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who was Keith moon
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the who- celebrated as one of rock's greatest drummers- played intensely
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in their early years, the who were known to be..
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one of the loudest rock acts and would obliterate their instruments on stage
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the idea's music as cultural criticism", and self-destructive performance (The Who) would become foundation to the rise of...."
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punk in the following decade
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who sang the song, my generation in 1965
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the who
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the _____ are remembered as a time of great social change, upheaval and chaos
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the 1960's
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in the 1960's, americans were learning how to do what effectively
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protest- protest itself is a form of social expression, experimentation
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the 1960s were a rise of social activism: howso? (5)
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1. african-american civil rights movement 2. feminist movement 3. american indian movement 4. chicano movement 5. anti-war movement
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in 1960's, who was being killed off
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leaders of social change- john f kennedy, sen robert kennedy, martin luther king jr, malcom x
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if 1950's rock and roll rebelled against powers of authority, 1960's rock rebelled agaisnt
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powers of reality
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how did 1960s rock rebel against powers of reality
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psychedelic drugs, counterculture lifestyle, spiritual exploration promised a sense of liberation of the mind, body and soul
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who was charles manson
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LA- based singer/ songwriter, led a pseudo-religious group known as the family", believed in a coming apocalypse largely based on his interpretation of the beatle's song, helter skelter"
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1960s rock introduced new extremes...
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musically and as a performance art
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the new extremes established by 1960s rock were new standards for...
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rock music in the 70s, 80s and 90s- styles like punk, arena rock, art rock, heavy metal, glam rock all sought to meet these new standards
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the decadence of these new standards established by 1960s rock reigned supreme until
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2000 and the age of the internet
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who is arguably one of the most influential musicians in history who almost single handedly invented modern guitar playing
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jimi hendrix
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jimi hendrix started out as a sideman for...
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little richard and the isley brothers
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how did jimi hendrix draw heavily from the blues (3)
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1. lyrical themes 2. guitar centric music 3. 12-bar form as a general framework for extended solos
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jimi hendrix rose to popularity as part of the....
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second wave" of the british invasion"
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who explored many guitar effects", ways of generating new sounds via electronic devices and specialized techniques"
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jimi hendrix
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like the beatles and the beach boys, jimi hendrix standardized...
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noise" as musical sound into guitar playing"
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who intended to do for the guitar what Little Richard did for singing""
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jimi hendrix
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what did jimi hendrix do that is one of the most legendary performance moments in all of rock history
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guitar burning and sacrifice" at Monterey"
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led zeppelin was part of...
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the second wave" of the british invasion"
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who was robert plant
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vocalist of led zeppelin, highly respected musician
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who was jimmy page
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guitarist of led zeppelin, highly respected musician
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who was john paul jones
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bassist and keys of led zeppelin, highly respected musician
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who was john bonham
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drummer of led zeppelin, highly respected musician
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what was led zeppelin's legacy
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harmonized seemingly incompatible extremes
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how did led zeppelin harmonize seemingly incompatible extremes (4)
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1. lyrical mix mysticism (spirituality) and carnal desire (sex) 2. among the loudest, most masculine bands... yet also played with quiet and sensitive nuance 3. expertly balance individual expression (solos) with group sound (collective) 4. were all things to all fans, yet retained non-conformist reputation
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led zeppelin mixed musical tradition with....
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modernity
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led zeppelin was celebrated as.. (3)
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1. recording artists 2. performers 3. songwriters
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why is led zeppelin celebrated as recording artists
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albums are expertly produced
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why is led zeppelin celebrated as performers
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live concerts set new standards
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why is led zeppelin celebrated as songwriters
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created some of the greatest songs of all time
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led zeppelin inspired who...
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nearly every hard rock band and style after it- heavy metal, arena rock, art rock, alternative rock and grunge
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who sang the song, bring it on home
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led zeppelin
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who sang the song, black dog
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led zeppelin
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like the song bring it on home, black dog by led zeppelin layers...
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classic blues with innovative rhythms and rock energy
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what song sounds simultaneously traditional and modern because it layers classic blues with innovative rhythms and rock energy
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bring it on home by led zeppelin
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how is the song, bring it on home, by led zeppelin innovative (2)
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1. takes the delta blues solo singer/guitarist" and electrifies it, cranks up the volume 2. pushes syncopation so far that at times it disregards a time signature"
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who sang the song, battle of evermore
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led zeppelin
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what song is an example of led zeppelin's fascination with mysticism
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battle of evermore
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the song, battle of evermore, by led zeppelin is a story of....
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the Battle of Pelennor Fields from J.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the rings, which is itself a story of the Battle of Armageddon from the bible
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the song, battle of everymore, by led zeppelin is musically presented as a traditional
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english ballad- voices, acoustic guitars, mandolin
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what is arena rock
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a style of commercially driven rock music that is, by design, intended to be experienced in live concert- even in recordings, the live concert sound is central to the idiom
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arena rock has roots from
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the 1960's- beatles playing Shea Stadium, monterey pop festival, woodstock
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how did arena rock have a heavy focus on theatric spectacle
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lights, lasers and pyrotechnics worked in congress with the music and the band to create a unique performance experience
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how was arena rock a sociological phenomenon
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dozens of thousands of people coming together in one place to have a communal, yet very personal experience
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in live performance and in recording, arena rock suggest that music offers....
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personal salvation, inspiration and enlightenment... which is experience communally
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who sang the song, more than a feeling in 1976
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boston
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what song is about the ability of music to provide an escape from reality (an alternative reality)
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more than a feeling by boston
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who sang the song, faithfully in 1982
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journey
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what is the song, faithfully by journey about
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a personal story about a musician on tour- an arena rock love song about being in an arena rock band
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how are the arena rock songs, faithfully by journey and more than a feeling by boston similar (5)
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1. very personal messages 2. both sound big like they belong in an arena 3. lead vocals sing very high, guitars have prominent melodic role 4. they feature an important musical connection between the voice and guitar 5. they have a pop marketability but have the musical sound of rock
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the arena rock songs, faithfully by journey and more than a feeling by boston, the vocalists suggest that the power of music" can..."
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transport them beyond their physical limitations as singers to communicate long distance (journey) or live in a fantasy state (boston)
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at arena concerts, music like boston's and journey provides a unique sense of...
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community- we share the personal sentiments descried in song but we celebrate this collectively in a large venue
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who sang the song, hey you
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pink floyd
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how did the song, hey you by pink floyd use the arena
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as a kind of artistic canvas" to communicate an entirely different artistic idea- the arena crowd becomes a metaphor for a society at large"
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what arena rock song is essentially about isolation
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hey you by pink floyd
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punk
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a culture emerging in the mid-1970's in both the UK and USA
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punk is characterized by what kind of aesthetics
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DIY (do it yourself)
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characteristics of punk's DIY aesthetics (4)
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1. values non-conformity and individuality over social assimilation into mainstream culture 2. aggressively confronts notions of authority 3. resists worship of musical heroes and music-as-high-art elitism as a musical brand 4. technically accessible- the music can be played by virtually anyone
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what did Jim miller say about punk in, some future""
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it is an attempt to rebel against mainstream conformist music and the idea of the hero- created the antihero
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by the 90's punk had become..
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another form of pop music
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what band was arguably the most commercially successful punk band
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green day
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today, punk still seems to represent...
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non-conformity and individuality but in ways that are formulaic, predictable and representative of mainstream popular culture
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british punk confronted...
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powers of authority- the music business itself and UK monarchy
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who were, The Clash
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british punk band- great songwriters and musicians who explored a variety of styles including reggae, rockabilly, funk and ska
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who rejected the idea of rock star heroism but revered tradition of style as authentic
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the clash
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who sang the song, spanish bombs
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the clash
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who were the notable members of the sex pistols
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johnny rotten (vocals) and sid vicious (bass)
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what is nihilism
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the belief in nothing, rejection of the idea that life has meaning
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who expressed the idea of rebellion via nihilism- how did they express it
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the sex pistols- through self-destruction, defacing revered british icons
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who sang the song, god save the queen
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the sex pistols
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who was arguably the first punk band
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the ramones
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the ramones were what kind of punk
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new york punk
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like the sex pistols, the ramones projected
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nihilism
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instead of acting out politically, the ramones were actually
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nihilistic- most of their songs were literally about nothing
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who sang the song, the dead kennedys
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holiday in cambodia
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punk was the formation of what other styles of music
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new wave, alternative and indie- the transition from punk to these styles isn't exactly clear
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what punk rock scene was one of the most influential in the world in the late 70's- mid 80's
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minneapolis punk scene
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what were four major minneapolis punk bands
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suicide commandos, Husker Du, the replacements and the Suburbs
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who sang the song, bastards of young in 1985
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the replacements
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who sang the song, broken home broken heart in 1984
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husker du
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new wave
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a musical trend emerging after punk in the late 70's/ early 80's
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new wave style is characterized by the intersection among... (3)
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1. punk idealism 2. artful production 3. pop culture
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what style of music is an ironic set of contradictions
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new wave
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how does new wave share punk's ideals of authenticity (3)
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1. do-it-yourself creativity 2. non-conformist ideals 3. confrontation of authority
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new wave artists/bands approached the notions of authenticity differently than....
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punk
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what did new wave learn from the downfall of punk
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where punk was killed by its self inflicted contradictions, new wave accepted and embraced contradiction, even pursuing irony as a mode of creativity
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according to jim miller's some future" how was punk killed"
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punk was killed by its contradictions
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what three major ways is new wave different than punk
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1. NW embraced pop sensibilities and established modes of distribution 2. messaged ideas via irony and sarcasm, not offensive sounds and behavior 3. freely used pop sounds- song format, hooks, electronic instruments
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while punk attacked pop culture, new wave...
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infiltrated it
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how punk attacked pop culture but new wave infiltrated it is similar to how....
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little richard infiltrated rhythm and blues with rock and roll
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how did new wave develop sophisticated approach to its mode of representation (3)
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1. explored artful uses of fashion 2. sound as symbol 2. music videos
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when does MTV lunch
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1981
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what forever changed the face of music and popular culture in 1981
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MTV
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how did MTV forever change the face of music and popular culture
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it changed the way we consume music and culture- music became a visual media and a sound media that was consumed by people simultaneously
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new wave pursed the music video as an
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art form
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elvis costello was what style of music
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new wave
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who sang the song, no action in 1978
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elvis costello
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what new wave album cover has a camera pointing at the consumer
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elvis costello's, this years model
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what song's immediacy and intensity reflect the angst in elvis costello's story
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no action, 1978
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the song, no action by elvis costello
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a tune about love and angst- has the high energy, immediacy and sound of punk yet it also works like a pop song
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what 4 things make the song, no action by elvis costello pop friendly""
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1. its a tune about love and angst (pop music theme) 2. the song's immediacy and intensity reflect the angst in costello's story 3. the futility of the situation, and the hopelessness of his self-deprecation is reflected in the song's short duration 4. the use of a repeated lyrical/melodic hook reflects the idea of a habit behavior that can't be broken
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what is reflected in the song's (no action by elvis costello) short duration
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the futility of the situation and the hopelessness of his self-deprecation
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the use of a repeated lyrical/ melodic hook reflects what idea in the song, no action by elvis costello
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the idea of a habit of behavior that can't be broken
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who sings the song radio radio
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elvis costello
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who sings the song, whip it
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devo
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the song, whip it by devo is a representative example of....
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new wave pursing music video as art
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the music video, whip it by devo uses what to make serious statement about pop culturE
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it uses humor irony and sarcasm
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the music video whip it by devo features what and what is it intended to do
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features imagery, visual relationships and cinematography (camera work) intended to both entertain and be scrutinized
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how is the music video whip it by devo a response to punk
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art can be serious and accessible
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what was the major common theme for arena rock music
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very personal messages
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