Music Revision

Front 1

Simple Time

Back 1

Each beat is divided evenly into groups of 2

Front 2

Free Metre

Back 2

When the beat cannot be divided evenly into patterns of 2 and 3

Front 3

Augmentation

Back 3

When the melody is stretched twice as long

Front 4

Diminution

Back 4

When the melody is reduced twice as fast

Front 5

Hemiola

Back 5

A rhythmic devise contrasting 3 against 2

Front 6

Cross Rhythm/Bi Rhythm

Back 6

The combination of two rhythms at the same time

Front 7

Syncopation

Back 7

Emphasizing the off beat

Front 8

Rubato

Back 8

Rhythmic flexibility by conductor

Front 9

Polyrhythm

Back 9

Two rhythms played at the same time

Front 10

Rhythm

Back 10

A combination of short and long sounds

Front 11

Compound Time

Back 11

Each beat is divided into groups of 3

Front 12

Dissonant

Back 12

Notes when sounded together are harsh

Front 13

Consonant

Back 13

Notes that sound pleasant together

Front 14

Drone

Back 14

Repeated or sustained notes throughout a piece of music

Front 15

Perfect Cadence

Back 15

From 5th to 1st chord

Sounds complete

Front 16

Imperfect Cadence

Back 16

Chord 1 to Chord 5

Sounds incomplete or unfinished

Front 17

Interrupted Cadence

Back 17

Chord 5 to Chord 6

Sounds deceptive

Front 18

Plagal Cadence

Back 18

Chord 4 to Chord 1

Sounds like Amen

Front 19

Tierce de Picardie

Back 19

Music in minor ending in major

Front 20

Major 7th Chord

Back 20

The major chord with an added major 7th above the root of the chord

Front 21

Minor 7th chord

Back 21

A minor chord with an added minor 7th above the root of the chord

Front 22

Diatonic

Back 22

All the noted in music come from the same scale or key signature

Front 23

Chromatic

Back 23

Notes in the same music do not belong to the same scale

Front 24

Modal Tonality

Back 24

The notes of a melody don't come from a major or minor scale

Front 25

Modulation to the dominant

Back 25

Changing key signature starting on the fifth note of the current scale

Front 26

Homophonic Texture

Back 26

The harmony has the same rhythm as the melody but uses different pitches

Front 27

Polyphonic Texture

Back 27

Two or more melodies at the same time.

Front 28

Imitation

Back 28

Where one part echoes the rhythm and pitch of another part of the music

Front 29

Canon

Back 29

Separate entrances of the same melody one after eachother

Front 30

Antiphonal

Back 30

Two or more groups perform different parts alternatively

Front 31

Conjunct

Back 31

Stepwise Motion

Front 32

Disjunct

Back 32

Leaps in the melody

Front 33

Whole Tone Scale

Back 33

Every note in the scale is one whole tone apart

Front 34

Sequence

Back 34

A short musical phase in repeat one pitch higher or lower

Front 35

Glissando

Back 35

Quickly changing notes down the scale so all the notes blend together

Front 36

Ornamentation

Back 36

Decorative notes that enhance the melody

Front 37

Phrasing

Back 37

The flow of a musical phrase - like a sentence

Front 38

Reverb

Back 38

An artificial sense of echo

Front 39

Distortion

Back 39

A distorted audio signal from a poor electronic connection

Front 40

Chorus

Back 40

A studio effect used to thicken a recorded sound

Front 41

EQ - Equalisation

Back 41

Adjusting and controlling the frequency of sound focusing on treble and bass

Front 42

Vibrato

Back 42

Adding a slight ripple effect to a long note

Front 43

Falsetto

Back 43

When a man sings a high voice

Front 44

Con Arco

Back 44

When you use a bow to vibrate the strings

Front 45

Pizzicato

Back 45

When you pluck the strings with your fingers

Front 46

Con Sordino

Back 46

When you use a mute

Front 47

Double Stopping

Back 47

Where you bow two strings at the same timme

Front 48

Sonato

Back 48

An instrument solo

Front 49

Interval

Back 49

Gap in pitch between two notes

Front 50

Triadic Melodies

Back 50

Notes from a triad (3 note chord)

Front 51

Pentatonic Scale

Back 51

A Five note scale

Front 52

Blues Notes

Back 52

Flatterned notes of a blues scale that often slide up or down

Front 53

Mordent

Back 53

3 notes starting and ending on the same note with the middle note either a step higher or lower

Front 54

Sforzando (sf)

Back 54

Suddenly very loud

Front 55

Soprano

Back 55

A high pitched female voice

Front 56

Tenor

Back 56

A high male voice

Front 57

Alto

Back 57

A low female voice

Front 58

Vibrato (vocal)

Back 58

A slight wavering of a pitch used by singers and musicians

Front 59

Tremelo

Back 59

Rapid up and down movements of the bow on strings

Front 60

Compression

Back 60

Quietest sounds are boosted and loudest are loudered so the recording us evened out

Front 61

Vocodor

Back 61

Device used to electronically combine a human voice with a musical intrument

Front 62

Binary

Back 62

AB

Front 63

Ternary

Back 63

ABA

Front 64

Rondo

Back 64

A main theme returning between contrasting sections ABACADA etc.

Front 65

Theme and Variations

Back 65

Starting a piece with a main theme which is then repeated several times

Front 66

Arch Shape

Back 66

When the form is symmetrical

ABCBA

Front 67

Cyclic Form

Back 67

Constant repetition of a fixed number of beats or melodic pattern. These patterns can be repeated and developed through improvisation or changes in texture and dynamics.

Common in Africa, India and Asia

Front 68

Ground Bass

Back 68

A melody in the lowest part that is repeated through out the music

Front 69

Continuo/Basso Continuo

Back 69

When the bass instrument fills out harmonies

Front 70

Pedal Note

Back 70

A sustained or repeated note in the bass. The harmony of the top of a medal must chanhe while the pedal stays the same

Front 71

Fugue

Back 71

A polyphonic piece where each part enters with the same tune at different pitches and develops each one independently

Front 72

Concerto

Back 72

A piece of classical music for a soloist accompanied by an orchestra. Usually has three movements fast-slow-fast

Front 73

Concerto Grosso

Back 73

A small group of soloists

Front 74

Strophic

Back 74

When the same tune is repeated throughout each verse

Front 75

Through-composed

Back 75

When new music occurs for each verse changing to reflect different methods or situations described in the lyrics

Front 76

Aria

Back 76

A soli singer sings a melody with orchestral accompaniment. Found in operas

Front 77

Largo

Back 77

Broadyly 40-60bpm

Front 78

Adagio

Back 78

Slow and Stately 66-76bpm

Front 79

Adante

Back 79

Walking Pace 76-108bpm

Front 80

Moderato

Back 80

Moderately 108-120

Front 81

Allegro

Back 81

Fast 120-168

Front 82

Presto

Back 82

Very Fast 168 +

Front 83

Vivace

Back 83

Fast and Lively

Front 84

Cadenza

Back 84

An improvised solo written towards the end of a concerto movement

Front 85

Atonal

Back 85

Music that uses all 12 notes of the chromatic scale equally

Front 86

Contrapuntal Motion

Back 86

General movement of two melodic lines

Front 87

Anacrusis

Back 87

One or more unstressed notes before the first line of a piece or passage

Front 88

Acciaccatura

Back 88

Played as quickly as possible before the note that follows it

Front 89

Appoggiatura

Back 89

Leans on the main note taking part of its value

Front 90

Tonal Music

Back 90

Major or minor key

Front 91

Modal Music

Back 91

Music in a mode (seven note scale)

Front 92

Tonic

Back 92

Chord built on the first note of the scale

Front 93

Sub-dominant

Back 93

Chord built on the forth note of the scale

Front 94

Dominant

Back 94

Chord built on the fifth note of a scale

Front 95

Dominant Seventh

Back 95

When a seventh is added to a chord

Front 96

Relative minor

Back 96

Three semitones down (to the left) from the major key

Front 97

What is timbre

Back 97

The instruments playing

Front 98

Modulation

Back 98

To change key/tonality

Front 99

Portamento

Back 99

A pitch sliding from one note to another

Front 100

Inversion

Back 100

To move the lowest note in a group an octave higher