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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the predominate texture of classical music?and how is it played?
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homophony, 1 melody harmonized
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Wherewas the first concert hall built and when?
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in Oxford, in 1748
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What was changed during the classical period and how?
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rhythms-more variety
dynamics-flexibility, now written tone color-more flexibility |
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Who were the 3 famous composers during the classical period?
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Haydn, Beehtoven and Mozart
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What type of music became very popular during the classical period?
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orchestral music
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What was added to the orchestra in the classical period?
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brass and percussion instruments
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What string instruments are included in a classical orchestra?
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1 & 2 violins, violas, cellos, double bass
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What woodwind instruments are included in the classical orchestra?
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2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, and 2 bassoons
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What percussion and brass instruments are included in the classical orchestra?
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2 timpani-percussion
brass-2 trumpets, 2 french horns |
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What are the two major differences about the classical period?
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pleasing variety, and more natural->composers want their music to be
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What is counterpoint?
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forms of polyphony when played along with other lines
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What is the word for dynamics growing louder and softer?
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growing louder-crescendo
growing softer-dimenuendo |
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What are melodies like in symphonies during the classical period?
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shorter and easier to memorize, usually repeated sereral times during the movement
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What are the forms used during the classical period?
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sonata form, minuet, rondo, theme and variations
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How long did symphonies last during the classical period?
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15-20 minutes long, gave it a chance to be more expressive
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Describe the movements of a symphony.
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1st-allegro or moderator-sonata form (biggest and longest)2nd - lento,adagio,andante-various forms(sonata,variation)3rd-
moderate -minuet, 4th-finale, allegro-rondo and sonata forms |
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What is minuet?
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a moderately paced dance in triple meter
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Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
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had influence on comic opera which became the most progressive operatic form of the classical century
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What was the Enlightenment's greatest artistic legacy to 19th and 20th centuries?
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the novel
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What is exposition?
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a sonata form movement is a large, diverse section of music in which the basic material of the movement is presented (exposed)
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What is development?
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heightens the tonal-thematic tension set up by contrasting themes and keys of the exposition
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What is retransition?
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discharging the tension and preparing for the recapitulation to come
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What is recapitulation?
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step-by-step review
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Describe the first part of the sonata form movement. what is it?
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exposition-main theme is presented, then 1st theme in tonic key (main key)G minor, then bridge brings 1st & 2nd themes together, 2nd theme-in diff. key (modulation), candence theme
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What is the closing theme called?
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cadence theme
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What is the second part of the sonata form movement?
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constrasting theme of the exposition, various themes, music sounds unstable, retransition occurs, then modulation
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What is the 3rd part of the sonata form movement?
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1st and second theme, bridge, candence theme, remains in tonic key, more stability, then coda
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What is coda?
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concluding section in any musical form
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What years was Haydn born?
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1732-1809
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When did Mozart live?
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1756-1791
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What are the four movements of Haydn's symphony # 95?
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1st-sonata
2nd-slow movement -varition form-theme, var.1,2,3 3rd-minuet form 4th-rondo form |
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Describe the 2nd movement of Hadyn's symphony.
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slow movement-a restful episode to contrast with the vigourous first movement
-variation form, theme, var. 1, var.2, var.3 |
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Who did Haydn work for and what did he do when he worked for him?
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Esterhazys, composed for the court
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What is classical variation form?
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entails the successive uninterrupted repitition of a clearly defined melodic unit, then with various changes at each repitition
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What is the 3rd movement of Hadyn's symphony # 95?
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the sole dance type from the baroque suite to survive in the multimovement genres of the classical period, 1st beat is strongest, reminder of aristocratic courts
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Describe the last movement of Hadyn's symphony # 95.
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finale movement, rondo form, used mostly for closing movements, repitition of a full fledged time
a relatively simple form with popular leanings |
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What is the classical concerto?
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contest between soloist and the orchestra
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What are the three parts of a double exposition?
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orchestra exposition, solo exposition, and cadenza
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What is double-exposition form?
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Mozart developed a special form to capitalize on the contest that is basic to the genre.
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Describe the parts of the double-exposition form.
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orchestra plays in tonic key the 1st theme and then 2nd theme, candence theme, 1st theme, the bridge, soloist plays 2nd theme and cadence in tonic key, then soloist & orchestra plays
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How many movements does a string quartet have?
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4 movements
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What is chamber music?
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a term for music designed to be played in a room in a palace drawing room or in a small hall
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What are two types of genres played as chamber music? what instruments are involved?
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string quartet-violin 1, violin 2, viola, and cello
piano trio-piano, violin, and cello |
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What did Mozart write?
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piano concerto, double-exposition form
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What Beehtoven do at the end of his life?
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started to compose Romantic style
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What all did Beethoven write?
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16 quartets, 32 piano sonatas, and 9 syphonies
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When did Beethoven live and what were the years that were important in his life?
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(1770-1827)
1770-1800-most classical period 1800-1818-most heroic 1818-1827-most tragic and serene |
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What movement did Beethoven invent? and describe this movement
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scherzo movement-used instead of minuet, third movement, means "joke" same form but faster, lighter, and more humor
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What was the first piece Beethoven wrote?
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variation
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What is opera sena?
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serious opera in Baroque period
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What is opera buffa? and who wrote it?
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italian comic opera, Mozart
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What is cadence?
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notes orchards ending a section of music with a feeling of conclusiveness, applied to phrases, works and movements
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What is the difference in beat compared to classical and baroque to Romantic period?
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speeds up and slows down
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What is ensemble singing?
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action propells faster, can 2 style of singing and more than 1 person singing at the same time about their emotions
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What are some examples of ensembel singing? what does this include? and when does this occur in opera?
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duets, trios, quartets, w/aria music, in climax of each scenes
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What did Beethoven do during the French Revolution?
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1789, put ideas of revolution into his music, dedicated symphony to napoleon, pushed the limits of harmony, melody, dynamics and rhythms
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What is different about Romaticism?
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more emotional, dramatize, personal expression, individualism,
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What was the style tempo rubato?
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robbed time, slowed down the beat and acceleration
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What is different about melody and the orchestra and harmony in the Romantic period?
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melody is more heaving, intense, longer phrases, bigger range, orchestra is bigger, more brass, more strings, harmony is more colorful, we have 7 keys in harmony compared to 3-4 keys
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Who was the greatest pianist? what nationality was he? what did he write?
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Franz Liszt, Hungarian, 1 sonata and mostly short pieces
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Who was the most famous Romantic composer? what nationality was her? what did he write?
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Chopin, Polish, wrote 3 sonatas
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What period followed the Romantic period? and then after this period?
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impressionistic period, contemporary music
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Who came after Beethoven?, what nationality was he?
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schubert, german,
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What occured during the Romantic period that was different form all other periods?
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composers began to name their works
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