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158 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Romantic period from
1825 - ? |
1900
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Beethoven died in
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1932
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Beehtoven more - gap, composer, what he added, student of who?
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Beethoven bridge gap. Was a student of Hyden. Influenced by motxart. Sonata form. = classical composer.
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What did beehtoven do to change things.
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He added a chorus to his synphonies. Singers with Music. 3 + 4 movements with NO BREAK. Revolutionary. Obsessed with the dark era, horror books with supernatural tragetys.
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Progam Music
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Tells a story
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Piece
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music with no vocals
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Song
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Music with vocals
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Romanticism stressed..
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Stressed emotion, Imagination and individualism
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Romanticism emotional..
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subjectivity basis of arts
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Romanticism favorite artist topics
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fantasy and the super natural
middle ages / concept of chivalry and romnance architecture revived gothic elements nature : as mirror of the human heart. |
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Romanticism - period of the industrial revolution
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resulted in social and economic changes
Continued use of classical period forms. |
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Program music
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tells a story
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Romanticism had a greater range of
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tone color, dynamics and pitch than in the classical period
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Expanded harmony
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complex chords
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Characteristcs of Romantic Music / Individuality of stye
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composers want uniquely identifiable music
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Characteristcs of Romantic
expressive aims and subjects |
all approaches were explored :
flamboyance, intimacy, unpredictability, melancholy, rapture, longing |
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Characteristcs of Romantic
expressive aims and subjects - Romantic |
romantic love still focus of songs and operas.
Lovers frequently depicted as unhappy and facing overwhelming obstacles. Dark topics draw composers. |
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Characteristics of Romantic music
_____ and _____ |
Nationalims and Exoticism
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Nationalism
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Music with a national identiy
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Exotisicm
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intentionally imply foreign culture
- frequently in operas wtih foreign settings. |
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After Beethovens 9th Symphony composers are
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intimidately/ repressed. Do kind of minitures.
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Songs and Psalms
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mastered by german composers so we use German Words.
Lied = Song, somthing u sing Lieder - Songs. |
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Program Music association
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with a story/poem/idea/scene
Understanding the music enhanced through reading program or viewing associated work. |
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Expressive Color
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Composers tried to create Unique sounds. By blending existing instruments / adding new instruments. Tone Color important to emotional content
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Colorful Harmony
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Chords built with notes not in traditional keys.
Harmonic instability consciously used device. |
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Franz Schubert
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vienna / wrote over 600 songs
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Beethoven dominated the what?
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Symphony
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Robert Schumann
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German. Piano Viruoso - Problem with hand and eneded his ambition. married piano teachers daughter. died in asylum. Carnaval. Estrella. Reconnaissance
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Clara Wieck Schumann
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german 1819-1896
leading concert pianist one of the first well known women composers married robert schumann |
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Frederic Chopin
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polish born musician
poet of the piano avoided concert halls Nocturns / atmosphic piece |
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Frederic chopin - listing
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nocturn in E flat Major
Etude in C minor |
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Franz Liszt
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hungarian born composer
virtuoso pianist BROKE AWAY FROM STRICT FORMS created Symphonic poem |
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Non program music is called
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absolute music
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Common types
Program symphony |
multi-movement / orchestral
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Common types
Concert Overturn |
modeled on opera overture
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Common types
Symphonic poem |
(tone Poem) - 1 movement, orchestral flexible form
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Common types
Incidental music |
for use before or during a play
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Hector Berlioz
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French
one of first great composers required huge resources pioneered concept of idee fixe |
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Nationalism
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national identity grew during the romantic era.
citizens now fought wars bonds of language and culture formed |
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nationalism composers
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composers deliberately gave their works distinctive national identity
use of folk songs and folkdances |
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operas and program music inspired by
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native history ledgeds and landscapes
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strongest impact in countries dominated by
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music of germany austria italy and france
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Richard Wagner
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German
studied in germany ran up debts famous for opera |
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Wagner Music
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large works, full blown affairs
no recitatives and arias NON STOP MUSIC huge orchestrations for operas requires BIG VOICES |
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Die Walkure
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Wagner
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Lieder song forms - Strophic
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some music over and over for each verse of poetry
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Frans Shubert First...
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true composition of romantic music.
Earlkond - Super bad force is out to get children |
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Shubert chopin and franz goto
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character pieces
Piano - Vocals |
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Chopin
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noctursn
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Tempo Rubato
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Slow and fast
Robbed time - flexible meter of time |
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Berlioz was going for...
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Epicness / Trying to step out of beetovens shadow /
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one of berlioz most famous synphonies
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Symphonie Fantastic
go for idea of consistant motives Idea Fixe > Fixed idea Fourth movement - march to scaffold Fifth Movement - Dream of a witches sabveth last movment of synphony |
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Synphonic Poem
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1 movement of nonstop music
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Concert Overature
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usually played before play / opera / presents main theme.
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Nationalism russians
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the russian Kuncka
Refers to group of people who share same ideas |
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Mighty 5
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russian kucka / work to make russian music sound truely russian.
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Mussorgsky
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composer
Pictures of an Exhibition great gate of Kiev grandeous - WOW FACTOR |
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Exoticism
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writing music that depicts other countries other than your own
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Puccini
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one composer of exoticism turrant
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opera - ITALIANS
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verdi, Rossia , Pincini, Bellmead
Serious / Comidic Daretti |
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Belcato
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Treat voice as an instrument.
anything that a violinist can do avoice can do |
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Mellismmas
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runs
fast moving passages |
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Germans
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wagner / Weber -main composers
wagner = EPIC |
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In this Era Aries becamse much more
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Melodic
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Everything relates to
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Belcanto
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Romantic move of a __ ___ of comedic Serious
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50 50
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Recititives
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more like dialog between two characters
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Aries
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dramatic part
more expressive story line, more melodic more like real singing |
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Verdi
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Othello Act 4
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Rossani
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The barber of seville
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Wagner music examps
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Gees and Kust work
Concept of total artworks Big powerful orchestra lots of BRASS |
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Wagner invents the
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Wagnerian Tuba
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Vikings
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stories to criticize middle class value in society - Came From WAGNER
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Vikings Wagner
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Pulls storylines from Nordic and German Mythology
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Wagner Singers
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Must have big voices to cut through
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Wagner had NO ____ and ____
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richatative / aries
use a Free formed declaration of text |
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The Ring Cycle
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Wagner has different themes for people
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Leitmotit
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Musical theme that repeats something (Jaws)
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Die Walkure
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the volkyye
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Verdi
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italian
known for opera supported unification of italy wrote to middle class audience who enjoyed opera seemed to condone rape suicide and free love favoirte topic / love story with Unhappy ending music summons up heros and villians SCANDELOUS SUBJECTS |
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Puccini
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italian
know primaryly for operas because wealthy and famous due to his music made use of EXOTICISM Verismo |
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Artistic style : Verismo :
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True to live / Reality
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Opera La Boheme
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1st major Success of Puccini
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Tchaikovsky
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russian
supported by bennefactors |
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Symphony No. 9 in E minor
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Dvorak
american folk melodies use of Non major /minor scales Sonata form (3 themes instead of 2 ) |
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Dvorak
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composed czech national music
urged americans national music |
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Bedrich Smetana
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the moldau
part of the cycle MA VLAST (my country) |
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Franz Liszt
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hungarian born Composer
Virtuoso pianst "rock Star" MUSIC extremely controversial broke away from strict classical forms |
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Franz Liszt created the
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Symphonic poem (tone poem)
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Frederic Chopin
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Polish born musician
poet of the piano captured spirit of the polish people |
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Nocturne in E flat Major
Etude in C minor revolutionary |
Chopin
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Nocturne -
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Night piece / slow, lyrical, intimate piece for piano
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etude
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study piece focusing on a specific technique in performance
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Note :
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Speed and Endurance required of left hand not just a study but interesting music.
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Expanded Range of EVRYTHING
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dynammics ff / FFFFFF
extremely high and low pitches were added changes in mood fequently underlined by shifts in tempo |
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Forms ?
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Miniature and monumental
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Demise of the patronage system
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composers regarded themselves as free spirits.
decline in aristocratic wars |
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Public to Composers
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New urban classes . new musical topics
Public was Entranced by virtuosity piano became a fixture in most homes composers audience : Same social class few composers financially successful |
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the art song
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composition for solo voice and piano
accompaniment integral part of the song linked to poetry |
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Strophic Form
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repeats music for each verse
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Through composed form
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new music for each verse
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between those
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sometimes modified strophic form was used
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Chromatic Harmony
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uses chords containing tones not found in the prevailing major or minor scale
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Rubato
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slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo
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Thematic Transformation
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when a melody returns later on in the piece of music just altered a bit
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Art song def
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a composition for solo voice and piano
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Strophic form
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repeating the same music for each stanza of the poem
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Through-Composed form
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writing new music for each stanza
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Song Cycle
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romantic art songs grouped in a set. May be unified by a story line that runs through the poems
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con affecto
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with feeling
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reconnaissance
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lyrical piece scene of reunion
Schumanns music |
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Abridged form
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A B A'
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Schnell
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Fast
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Estrella
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Schumanns music
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Romance
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Romanze in german / often used duing the 19th century for Short Lyrical Pieces for piano
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Andante
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Moderate Tempo
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Nocturne
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night piece / slow / lyrical / intimate composition for piano
CHOPIN |
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damper
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"loud"
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etude
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a study piece designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties
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amppassionato
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impassioned
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Polonaise
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a piece in triple meter originated as a stately processional dance for the polish nobility.
CHOPIN |
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Symphonic Poem / Tone Poem
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a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on literary or pictorial ideas.
LISZT made |
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Allegro Molto Appasionato
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Very impassioned allegro
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Allegretto non Troppo
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transitional section
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Allegro molto vivace
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very lively allegro
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program music
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instrumental music associated with a story poem idea or scene
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absolute music
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non program music
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program symphony
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a composition in several movements/ usually each movement has a descriptive title. usually 5
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Concert overture
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one movement usually in sonata form
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incidental music
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music to be performed before and during a play. it is incidental to stage drama
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Idee Fixe
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fixed idea / single melody / used to represent the beloved.
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Penatonic
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five note scales.
Devorak |
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allegro molto
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slow introduction
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letimotif
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a short musical idea associated with a person an object or a thought in the drama
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wagner called his works _____ ____ rather than operas
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music drama
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Subsciription concerts became
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common
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Women assumed greater roles as
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performers composers and patrons in professional music making
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music of the romantic era is closely related to the
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other arts , particularly literature, nature, death, the fantastic, the macabre and the diabolical
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music explored a universe of feeling that included
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flamboyance and intimacy , unpredictability and melancholy, rapture and longing the mysterious and remote
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Rhythm is
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diverse
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tempos are
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flexible and may change frequently
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tempo rubato permitted greater
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expressivity and freedom in performance
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romantic music exhibits a wide range of expressive
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tone color and sensuous sound
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new instruments and the increased size of the orchestra led to
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new and varied timbres
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woodwind brass ad percussion instruments played a prominent roles in orchestral works.
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composers experimented with timbre through unusual combinations of instruments or by having instruments play in unusual ways
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melodies are often
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long complex and highly expressive
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recurring melodies and tehmatic transfomation
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unify longer works
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Dissonance is used more freely
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resolutions are often delayed to create feelings of yearning tension and mystery
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a wide range of keys and frequent modulations somtimes obscure the
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sense of an overall tonic or home key
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Texture is generally
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homophonic. but fluctuations of texture may occur to provide contrasts
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a piece may shift gradually or suddenly from
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one texture to another
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Forms are rooted in the classical tradition but now are more
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expansive and treated freely
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new forms and genres were developed such as the
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symphonic poem
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less emphasis is placed on
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balence proportion and resolution of tension than in the classical era
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works can be
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breif or long and monumental
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Philharmonic societies appeared and
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concert halls grew in size and number
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larger concert halls required a greater number of performers to fill the space with sound
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orchestras grew to 100 or more musicians.
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Significant technological advances results in instruments that could be played louder higher lower and faster than before. performers capitlized on these advances to satisfy audiences who lavish praise on virtuoso performances
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cadenzas in concertos were usually written out rather than improvised
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