Music 201 Exam 1

Front 1

Epithet

Back 1

standardized descriptive adjectives used by Homer in his writing (ex: Achilles = swiftfooted, Odysseus = cunning)

Front 2

Iliad

Back 2

Theme = rage of Achilles, human responsibility
Gods serve as divine umpires
dactylic hexameter
Use of epithets

Front 3

Odyssey

Back 3

Theme = return home of Greek hero Odysseus from the war against Troy

Front 4

Homer's writing style

Back 4

oral tradition
epithets – style of describing characters
elaborate similes – describing something by linking it to something else
repeated verbatim – stems from oral tradition
dactylic hexameter – artificial language

Front 5

Greek Society

Back 5

Alphabet
Polis – city states, urbanization
Religion – not unified, many gods who act as referees on the sideline
Balance – good vs. evil , no concept of supreme good or evil

Front 6

Lyric poetry

Back 6

Concerned with poet's own feelings, emotions, and opinions

Front 7

Hesiod

Back 7

A poet who lived between Homer and Archaic period
Wrote the Theogony and Works and Days
Disadvantages of being a poor farmer

Front 8

Sappho

Back 8

Greek Archaic poet
First woman to leave a literary record of personal history
Written in first person
Talks about emotions and feelings and moonlight

Front 9

Thales of Miletus

Back 9

Greek Materialist
solely water explained nature

Front 10

Empedocles of Acragas

Back 10

Greek Materialist
Introduced four elements

Front 11

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae

Back 11

Greek Materialist
infinite number of small particles

Front 12

Materialists

Back 12

sought to explain phenomena in terms of one or more elements

Front 13

Pythagoras

Back 13

Presocratic Philosopher
o Transmigration of souls
o Numerical relationship of musical harmonies
o Geometric theorems
- Everyone created by same power

Front 14

Dualists

Back 14

two separate worlds: 1. the world around us, constantly changing 2. ideal world, perfect, unchanging,
only realized through the intellect

Front 15

Heraclitus of Ephesus

Back 15

- “The Obscure”
- “It is not possible to step twice into the same river”

Front 16

Parmenides of Elea

Back 16

- True reality can only be apprehended by reason and is all-perfect and unchanging
– world we perceive through our senses is a delusion, senses flawed and subject to error

Front 17

Atomists

Back 17

believed that the ultimate, unchangeable reality consisted of atoms and void

Front 18

Hubris

Back 18

moral fault, excessive ambition

Front 19

Herodotus

Back 19

- First writer in Western tradition to devote himself to historical writing
- Weaknesses
o Never really understood military
o Interpreted events in terms of personalities, no bias for politics
- Strengths
o Remained impartial and free from national prejudice
o Recoded as much information as possible

Front 20

Aeschylus

Back 20

Greek Playwright
- optimistic - the right will triumph
- Oresteia triology

Front 21

Sophocles

Back 21

Greek playwright
o Most popular of his time
o Moral dilemmas – choice between good and bad is not clear
o More dramatist than moralist
o Oedipus the King

Front 22

Hamartia

Back 22

a character’s fatal fall that leads to their downfall

Front 23

Dramatic irony

Back 23

when the audience knows what’s going on but the characters on stage do not

Front 24

Chorus

Back 24

– represents the point of view of the spectator rather than a character on stage

Front 25

Euripides

Back 25

o Cynical, women, popular after death
- Concern for realism, expose social, political, and religious injustices
o Characters are pushed to the limits of endurance
o Hatred for war and senseless misery
o Suppliant Woman

Front 26

The Republic

Back 26

written by Plato, describes an ideal world, all property belonging to the state, examines the disadvantages
of democracy

Front 27

Theory of Forms

Back 27

written by Plato, platonic ideal, no perfect spheres in this world, our mind has an idea of the perfect
sphere

Front 28

Socrates

Back 28

Socratic method, limitations of body, wise because he knew nothing

Front 29

Plato

Back 29

recorded Socrates' teachings, Academy, Theory of Forms, The Republic

Front 30

Plato's writing style

Back 30

stories, conversations, flow

Front 31

Metaphysics

Back 31

Written by Aristotle
Disputes Plato's Theory of Forms

Front 32

Aristotle

Back 32

Lyceum, systematizer, Metaphysics, formula for tragedy

Front 33

Catharsis

Back 33

audience undergoes emotional purification, cleansing

Front 34

Dipylon Amphora

Back 34

nearly 5 feet tall, served as a grave marker, stick figures,
geometric patterns

Front 35

Kore

Back 35

female, clothed, Archaic sculpture

Front 36

Kouros

Back 36

male, nude Archaic sculpture

Front 37

Polykletos

Back 37

Greek Classical sculptor, the canon, Doryphoros

Front 38

Praxiteles

Back 38

Greek Classical sculptor, Aphrodite of Cyrene, female sensuality

Front 39

St. Augustine

Back 39

Byzantine writer
- first one to systematize doctrine – brings together Christianity and early Greek philosophies
- dogmatic – what we believe and why

Front 40

City of God

Back 40

Written by St. Augustine
philosophy of history
history moves on a straight line from God back to God
a history has a direction willed by God
city of man will be judged and city of God saved

Front 41

Confessions

Back 41

Written by St. Augustine
- Autobiography of Augustine
- Written in first person singular
- Writing to God
- Self analytical, self reflecting, self scrutiny – new genre, philosophical autobiography
- overcoming sins – he was a convert

Front 42

Three meanings of confessions

Back 42

1. Confession of sin
2. Confession of faith
3. Act of worship

Front 43

Elements of Mass Ordinary

Back 43

§ Kyrie
§ Gloria
§ Credio
§ Sanctus
§ Agnus dei

Front 44

Melisma

Back 44

A chain of intricate notes sung on the vowel sound of a final syllable (used in chant)

Front 45

Tropes

Back 45

Verbal elaborations of, or comments on, text

Front 46

Aachen

Back 46

The school initially established by Charlemagne

Front 47

Rule of St. Benedict

Back 47

- first written constitution in western history
- primary features included:
- poverty
- stability
- chastity

Front 48

Three features of Rule of St. Benedict

Back 48

Poverty
Stability
Chastity

Front 49

Three vows for monks

Back 49

Obedience
Fidelity
Stability

Front 50

Everyman

Back 50

A morality play written in the 15th century
Theme = struggle for the soul
transitional play from early liturgical drama to more secular drama
Momento mori - everyone is going to die

Front 51

Hroswitha

Back 51

Wrote plays that were less religious in nature
First known instance of German literature on Faust theme
First dramatist writing in Germany
Conversion of the Harlot Thais

Front 52

Faust theme

Back 52

Selling your soul to the devil for material gain and public glory

Front 53

Chansons de geste

Back 53

Songs of deeds

Front 54

Chansons d'histoire

Back 54

songs of history

Front 55

Song of Roland

Back 55

- glory of military campaign
- chivalric nature of a true knight
- constant possibility of human deviousness
- clash of god and evil

Front 56

Curriculum at the Aachen

Back 56

Two courses in logic and science - trivium + quadrivium

Front 57

Trivium

Back 57

grammar, rhetoric, dialectic

Front 58

Quadrivium

Back 58

Arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy

Front 59

Villard de Honnecourt

Back 59

an architect from northern France from whom we have glimpses into the skills of medieval cathedral builders because of his sketches

Front 60

Guido di Arezzo

Back 60

created a system of musical notation

Front 61

Cantus firmus

Back 61

the basic melodic line of the traditional chant used in organum

Front 62

Carmina Burana

Back 62

Written by Carl Off - set Goliardic poems to music

Front 63

Summa Theologica

Back 63

Written by Thomas Aquinas

Front 64

Thomas Aquinas

Back 64

- great master of theology
- Balance between reason and
revelation
- No stylistic adornment
- everything has a place in the universe

Front 65

Francis of Assisi

Back 65

-life of perfect freedom demanded a life of total poverty

Front 66

Contrapasso

Back 66

the punishment fitting the crime