Music 15

Front 1

popular vs. classical

Back 1

popular- defines the era, not as timeless,
shorter pieces
classical- timeless, aimed at a longer
attention span

Front 2

melody

Back 2

a succession of single tones that coheres as a whole

Front 3

pitch

Back 3

the tones that make up the melody. Specific highness and lowness of a note.

Front 4

Beethoven

Back 4

turned formal structure into something individual
Apassionata Formata

Front 5

Franz Liszt

Back 5

achieved 'rockstar' status, Invented idea of solo piano recital.

Front 6

fermata

Back 6

to hold or pause longer than the note value indicated, duration left to the whim of the performer.
• Fermata brings emotional impact and power

Front 7

obstinato

Back 7

Repetition of one pitch

Front 8

modulation

Back 8

Move from one key area to another key area; to go from dominant back to tonic. Part of the development portion

Front 9

receptive cadence

Back 9

almost resolves but then doesn’t

Front 10

Franz Schubert

Back 10

“Everything he touched turned to song”
• Combined words and songs together

Front 11

Frederic Chopin

Back 11

not a programmatic writer, wrote sonatas and nocturnes

Front 12

lied

Back 12

A song set to a German poem for a single singer with piano accompaniment

Front 13

Giuseppe Verdi

Back 13

known for blending and melody
•dominated italian opera and is most important of its composers

Front 14

Richard Wagner

Back 14

music drama

Front 15

symphonic poem

Back 15

programmatic work in one lone movement for symphony orchestra

Front 16

Claude Debussy

Back 16

music tends to have a floating serenity,
impressionist

Front 17

Igor Stravinsky

Back 17

The Rite of Spring, Afternoon of a Fawn
bi/poly-tonality

Front 18

bi/poly-tonality

Back 18

combines 2 or more different scales to produce an exotic sound

Front 19

primativism

Back 19

international movement, all types of art, picasso

Front 20

expressionism

Back 20

intense focus on physical angst

Front 21

Evolution of harmonic tradition

Back 21

•tonality •12-tone system
•chromatism •new sounds
•atonality, pantonality

Front 22

atonality/pantonality

Back 22

no tonal center, in every single key and in no key at all

Front 23

neoclassicism

Back 23

stravinsky, return to classical style

Front 24

electronic

Back 24

synthesizers, Varese: Poem Electronique

Front 25

timbre

Back 25

the color of sounds, quality that makes a certain sound sound the way it does

Front 26

memorial to the victims of heroshima

Back 26

no tune/beat, sounds almost electronic

Front 27

silence

Back 27

John Cage, iconic piece

Front 28

minimalism

Back 28

•features repitition of short melodic fragments
•gradual change
•drones or long tones
•consonant harmony
•steady pulse
•hypnotic effect

Front 29

jazz

Back 29

•america's first original music
•started in new orleans
•started w/ segregation and blacks playing for each other
•harmonies became increasingly complex

Front 30

Scott Joplin

Back 30

ragtime, Maple Leaf Rag

Front 31

Robert Johnson

Back 31

standardized the 12-bar blues

Front 32

dixieland jazz

Back 32

jamming

Front 33

Louis Armstrong

Back 33

scat singing, satchmo

Front 34

break

Back 34

•everyone stops except one person
•highly polyphonic and rhythmically complex

Front 35

swing band

Back 35

meant to be danced to
•introduction of saxes
•less improv, more smooth and polished

Front 36

be-bop

Back 36

reaction to swing band, more grassroots, smaller ensemble
•marked beginning of modern jazz
•melodies/harmonies difficult to track

Front 37

Charlie "Bird" Parker

Back 37

pioneer of bebop

Front 38

rhythm and blues

Back 38

•a forerunner of rock and roll
•term replaced 'race music'
• rhythmically driving, backbeat oriented electrified Blues style
•cultivated by urbanized African Americans

Front 39

country and western

Back 39

muic orignating in the poor, white rural South
•noted for its prominent and often highly virtuosic parts of fiddle, acoustic guitar, and banjo
•lyrics often dealt w/ love, whiskey, and death

Front 40

rockabilly

Back 40

•another early form of rock and roll
•combines rock's driving rhythm and backbeat w/ rural 'hillbilly' country and western style

Front 41

boogy woogy

Back 41

changed 12-bar blues

Front 42

Elvis Prestley

Back 42

•"the king" of rock and roll
•"elvis the pelvis"
•blamed for corrupting the youth of america

Front 43

sonata form

Back 43

• Exposition
-Begins in tonic key and presents the opening material of the piece
-It then moves to a second, closely related, key and presents new material in that key
-Ends with clear cadence
-Normally played twice
•Development
-Usually moves from key to key and is generally quite turbulent
-Leads dramatically into the recapitulation, usually without an intervening cadence
•Recapitulation
-Brings back all the music of the exposition but the material that was previously presented in the second key is now played in the home key, so that the movement can end in the key in which it began
•Coda
-Short additional section sometimes added to the end of a sonata-form movement

Front 44

symphonic poem

Back 44

•link between music and the arts
•short orchestral work in one continuous movement
•a single-movement programmatic work for orchestra

Front 45

rubato

Back 45

technique in which the player slows the music down slightly before catching up a moment late; literally translates to “robbed”

Front 46

music drama

Back 46

combined poetry, drama, philosophy, and music into a single work of art (the “complete art work”)

Front 47

Second Stage of Modernism

Back 47

Marked by two opposing tendencies: extreme control and complete freedom

Front 48

postmodernism

Back 48

style that juxtaposes many varied elements, esp familiar ones, in new and interesting ways

Front 49

3 factors of postmodernism

Back 49

•deliberate return to the past
•tendency to quote directly from earlier composers and borrow music of other cultures
•reaches across trational barrier btn classical and pop music

Front 50

blues notes

Back 50

notes that are played or sung lower or flatter than the pitches in a conventional Western Scale