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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vedic Religion and Society
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(Hindustani) Hindu beliefs focused on devotion to dieties
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Mughal Empire
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(Hindustani) Empire invades and Introduces Islamic traditions to India
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Gharana
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(Hindustani) Lineage of Music
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Instruments- Sitar, Tambura, Tabla, Harmonium
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(Hindustani)
Sitar - String Tambura - String Tabla - Drum Harmonium |
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gat-tora
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(Hindustani) (Alap, Gat-Tora, jhala)
Gat - Melody or specific composition (way of moving Tora - Improv on this raga Gat-Tora - alternation with tala meter. |
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Alap, Raga, Tala
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(Hindustani)
Alap - Free rhythm improv to begin piece. Raga - Specific Scale or Mode Tala - Meter |
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Ghazal
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(Hindustani)
Light Classical music, vocal in nature, often sung by courtesans. Originally an Urdu poetry form. |
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Southern Indian Music
Devadasi Evolution |
Spiritual (Natyasastra Treatise)
Court Owned (Mughal Empire buys) Professional (British Invasion - $) Hybrid (Rukmini Devi - Brit + Natyas) |
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Devadasi
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Dancing Tradition where dancer was "married to the temple"
They danced for GOD only |
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Bharata Natyam
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Temple Dancers Themselves
- for a public viewing - dances cleaned up and respectable |
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Balasarswati
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Woman who wanted to stay closer to Natyasastra (Spiritual Dance)
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Mudra
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Position of the hand in these dances. Very important. All communication in dances was done through dance - both abstract and mimed.
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Rasa
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The feeling that the audience gets from the dancer/performer
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Instruments for Devadasi
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Mrdangam - Drum
Kanjira - Tambourine |
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Bollywood
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-In Urdu language
-Blend of Hollywood and Bombay -Synth Electric beats (w. dance beats) |
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Bollywood Vocal Style
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Ghazal (Indian)
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Bhangra
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Punjabi folk music. Off-Beat Shouting
Dohl - Drum |
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Dil Se (Movie)
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Typical Love story. Woman terrorist, man can't be with her. etc.
-About 7 stages of love (ending in death) |
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A R Rahman
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Born S. India
Played Harmonium, Advanced to W. Music (degree in Western Classical) Combined the Indian Sound with Western Instruments |
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Playback Singer
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Singer who sings for Bollywood movies (actors just dance and mouth words)
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Muhammad
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Born in 570 CE
Visited by Angel Gabriel Words of God given to him, recorded in Qu'ran |
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Sufism
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Mystical Order using music to connect with God
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Santour
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Instrument
stringed, struck with mallots |
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Improvisation
Radif Daramad |
Radif - Frame : largest unit: Entire Rep of Persian classical music.
(Each teacher has different radif) Daramad - Smaller Unit: beginning of the piece with melodic motif (improv'd upon) |
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Acceptability Framework
Non-Musical Singing Khandan vs. Musiqi |
Non-Musical - Chant (call to prayer)
Khandan - sung poetry (free rhythm) FAMILY MUSIC Musiqi - Instrumental, metric PUBLIC |
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What was influence of French and English on Egypt Music
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King Farouk takes over 1936
-French and English influences in Theatre district (1st full length film 1927) |
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Gamal Nassar
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2nd President of Egypt
Loved Umm Kulthum + two funerals |
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Why Umm Kulthum is so great a singer? 4 Reasons
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She could read Qu'ran
Never sang same line twice Depicted State of the people She was there for the audience |
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Performance content and style of Umm Kulthum
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Songs about love
style was interactive with audience Expressive! |
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Tarab (Umm Kulthum)
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The highly tuned state of emotional ecstasy brought about by heightened awareness of expression from vocals.
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Maqam
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Arabic version of the dastgah (often involving semi-tones)
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Ughniyya vs. Taqtuqah
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Ughniyya- genre of popular arabic song where voices use fewer half steps
(song could last over an hour) Taqtuqah- light song, flirting and provactive humor. |
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Andalusia under moors
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one of most wealthy/developed areas of spain (mid 8th cent-1492)
Reconquista! Ferdinand and Isabella successful in getting land back 1492 |
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Gitano
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"Gypsy"
branch of people moving from India to southern Europe in 15th cent. in 1492 - ANTI GITANO laws enforced |
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Flamenco
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Born by the gitanos. Many songs react to their persecution by spanish leaders.
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Types of Flamenco
Fandango Taranta Soleo/Bolero |
Fandango-originally non gitano, compas stresses 3 beats
Taranta - Enrique Morente, about work in mines Distinguish by region, topic, form |
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Holy Week/"The Passion"
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Parading of statues of christ and mary through town. Citizens join in, somber and celebratory.
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Juerga ("Spree")
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a late-night gathering involving cante flamenco, dance, and other social activities
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saeta (spain)
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public “spontaneous outbursts” of solo, unaccompanied song expressing personal religious fervor
-Public responds audibly |
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palmeros
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?
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Uzbekistan Conservatory Tradition
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St. Petersburg Conservatory: 1861
Moscow Conservatory: 1866 Tashkent State Conservatory: 1936 A few specific teachers Standards for good performance Notated music Pre-selected music scholarship |
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Shash Maqam
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(“six maqams”): the Uzbeki classical music tradition, related to Persian dastgah and Arabic maqam
(mode and repertoire) |
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Uzbekistan Instruments
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Dutar: a long-necked, two-stringed lute
Tanbur:long-necked, multi-stringed lute Ghijaz: spike fiddle |
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Frozen Music
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a description of a living tradition that has been so codified and classified so that the creative freedom of the performer is curtailed
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Uzbekistan from other traditions
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Persian Radif - set of music rep (different for each teacher)
"Sufi tone" - Mystical order uniting god through music - the tone is the chest voice (singing quietly, just for god) |
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5 General Characteristics of Sub-Saharan African Music
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Call and Response
Interlocking Parts Polyrhythms Dense, Buzzy Textures Descending Melodic Lines |
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Ngoma
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Both Drum and special club.
Clubs based on region, profession, gender, etc.) Have competitions |
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Dansi vs. Taarab
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Dansi - about country and politics -- blending British (Jazz) with Conga Rumba Rhythms
Taarab - From Umm Kulthum heightened experience. Arabic Instruments + modes w/ Bollywood and ngoma |
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mafumbo
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"hidden meanings" in pieces.
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Mande/Mandinka Jali
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Like French Griot - person of certain lineage of musicians. Only this person can by a jali because he is taught the history of land/family/music.
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Mandinka Epic
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Epic story of medieval Africa memorized and sung by a jali
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Mali Empire
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West African kingdom,
1250-1600, founded on the banks of the Niger river, enriched by gold and by Islamic learning |
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Kora
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bridge harp, 21 strings,
played by jali throughout the area of the Old Mali Empire (Mali, Guinea, The Gambia, Senegal,Guinea-Bissau) |
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Kumbengo vs. Birimintingo
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BOTH PLAYED BY KORA
Kumbengo (pattern) Birimintingo (fast runs) |
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Donkilo vs. Sataro
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BOTH SUNG BY VOICE
Donkilo (melody) Sataro (declamatory) |
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Eneida Marta
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GRIOT WOMEN BEST SINGERS! WHILE MEN PLAYED KORA!
Played of Kora Tradition, but she was not a griot/jali - music is placed more in pop area. Sings about empowerment of women (uses griot, as in her website, as metaphor for this empowerment) |
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Guitar Plays how with Kora
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Interlocking
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Mbira Music
Participatory vs. Presentational |
Participatory - SHONA (socialist group in Zimbabwe). W/ Audience
Presentational - cosmopolitan, 4th wall present! NOT LIKE THESE |
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BIRA ceremony
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Shona - Spirit Possession Ceremony
recent ancestors possess a medium Most effective when ALL participate |
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MBIRA Instruments
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MBIRA - Flicking metal things inside of a
HOSHO - Hollowed out gourd Bottle caps on gourds - GOING FOR BUZZY DENSE SOUND! GC! |
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MBIRA MUSIC ITSELF
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usually 4 interlocking ostinato phrases musical roles of "core" and "elaboration" parts
-includes vocables! remember in class demo! |
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Kashaura vs. Kutsinhira
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Kashaura - "to lead the piece"
Kutsinhira - accompanying part |
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Thomas Mapfumbo
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Ties old traditions with rock/pop feel and people LOVE IT. (mbira)
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Mugabe
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Part of the Zanu party (he wins)
-abuses power, disbands Zapu party Both Zanu/Zapu were black resistance to white gov't originally |
