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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Melody
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most basic element of communication between the composer/performer/listener. musical line
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Sound
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Vibrations high/low, fast(higher)/slow(lower). difference between noise and music is regular vibrations
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Interval
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distance between two pitches
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Range
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lowest note to highest note
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Shape
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direction of melody up/down, large/small or static
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Conjunct/Disjunct
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connect-small intervals/disconnected-larger intervals
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Musical Phrase
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sentence w/in a paragraph. cadence is like punctuation. cadence allows players to breathe.
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Rhyme Scheme
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like a poem (lyrics)
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Rhythm
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Musical Time, what moves the music foward
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Difference between beat and rhythm
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beat is the steady tempo that is repeated the heart beat and rhythm is what happens between the beats
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Accents
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note that some beats are stronger then others
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Meter
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measurement of rhythm in time, simple meters are double, triple, quadruple. country music is beats 1 and 3 rock on 2 and 4
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Compound Meters
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subdivided into small groups of 3. 3/8, 6/8, 9/8
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Syncopation
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accent on the off beat in between the strong beats
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Additive Meter
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grouping of irregular beats (5/4)
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Non-Metric Meter
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Pulse is weak or floating/difficult to find a constant beat. RUBATO PLAYING. ex hotel music
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Time is...
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a crucial dimension in music and its first law is rhythm. the notes within the measure within the phrase
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Harmony
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Musical Space, describes simultaneous happenings in music. Adds depth and perspective to a painting. two or more tones sounding together. essential in western music
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Chord
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3 or more tones sounding together
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Scale
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Collection of pitches arranges in an ascending or descending order. 8 tones w/ syllables. SOLFEGIO=do-re-mi, etc.
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Non-Metric Meter
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Pulse is weak or floating/difficult to find a constant beat. RUBATO PLAYING. ex hotel music
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Time is...
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a crucial dimension in music and its first law is rhythm. the notes within the measure within the phrase
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Harmony
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Musical Space, describes simultaneous happenings in music. Adds depth and perspective to a painting. two or more tones sounding together. essential in western music
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Chord
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3 or more tones sounding together
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Scale
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Collection of pitches arranges in an ascending or descending order. 8 tones w/ syllables. SOLFEGIO=do-re-mi, etc.
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Intervals
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distance between tones unison 2nd 3rd, etc octave
1-1=unison |
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Triad
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certain combo of 3 tones 1-3-5 2-4-6
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Melody/Harmony
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Melody is horizontal and harmony is vertical
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Tonic/Tonality
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one centralized note (resting note) with other notes organized and surrounding that central tone(tonic)
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Major/Minor
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major is usually bright but minor is subdued and sad
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Chromatic
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comes from greet chroma and means color
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Consonance/ dissonance
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agreeable combination with obvious resolution to a song./ introduces tension, suspense, unstable sounds
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Drone
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Harmony is subordinate to the melody and complex rhythms (africa/eastern)
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Musical Texture
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Threads in a blanket. bariety of colors thickness and patterns
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Monophony
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Single voice, no harmony or other melodic lines
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Polyphony
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2 or more voices melodic lines are combined
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Homophony
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single melody supported by simple,e chordal harmony
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Homo rhythmic
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all voices/melodic lines move in the rhythm
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imitation
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one voice/melody presented then restated in another (canon/round)
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Augmentation
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melody presented in longer time values (twice as slow)
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Diminution
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melody presented in shorter time values, twice as fast
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Harmony and texture...
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add more depth to the composition
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Musical Form
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organizing principle in music
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Binary Form
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(a-b) statement then a departure verse/chorus. always ends with chorus.
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Ternary Form
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(A-b-a) statement departure statement. b is the bridge and ends with a
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Ballad
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long poem/narrative that tells a story
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Theme
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Melodic idea as a building block
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Thematic development
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elaborating or varying a musical idea. use of repetition and sequence
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Motive
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smallest fragment of a musical theme
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Call and response
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singing leader or is imitated by chorus
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Ostinato
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Short musical pattern that is repeated continuously-melodic, rhythmic, harmonic
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Movement
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complete, independent division of a large scale work. musical tones-phrases-sections-movement-whole work
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Strings
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sounds made by bowing and plucking, rosin used to help grip strings
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Violin
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Soprano member. most popular. can play high/rapid passages. STRADIVARIUS maker.
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Viola
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Alto member. strings are longer and thicker and heavier. helps balance violin
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Cello
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tenor member, lower in range, sit down to play, tremendous emotion and pathos
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Double Bass
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lowest string parts. deep tone and is foundation. largest member
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Special Effects
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legato (smooth/connected), Straccato (short/detached), Pizzicato (plucked), vibrato, trills, tremelo
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Harp
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plucked, multiple strings with pedals, oldest instruments. arpa (hal)
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Timbre
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Tone color denoted differences between instruments and voices, affected by size, shape and proportion
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Musical Instrument
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mechanism that generates musical vibrations/launches them into the air
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Register
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particular range of an instrument
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Vocal ranges
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soprano, mezzo soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass
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Vibrato
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Throbbing effect that adds warmth, lyric beat, and expressiveness
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Temp
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rate of speed of pace and of the music (beat)
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Accelerando (accel)
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gradually getting faster
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Ritardando (rit)
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gradually getting slower
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a temo
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returning to the original temp
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presto, vivace, allegro
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very fast, lively, fast
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Moderato, Adante
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moderate, walking pace
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Adagio, largo, grave
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quite slow, broad/very slow, solemn/very very slow
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Molto, meno
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much and very, less
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Poco, non troppo,
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little, not too much,
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Dynamics
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volume of the music
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pianissimo (pp), Piano (p)
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very soft, soft
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mezzo piano (mp), mezzo forte (mf)
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moderately soft/loud
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Forte (f) fortissimo (ff)
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loud, very loud
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crescendo, decrescendo
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growing louder/softer
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sforzando (sfz)
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accent on a single note or chord
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metronome
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winkel (1812) maelzel, measures the exact number of beats per minute. little wood thingy
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Woodwinds
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made of wood, column of air, has holes and keys
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piccolo
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highest sounding/shrill, can be heard above all
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Flute
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soprano, cool, velvet, expressive, used to be wood now silver. transverse instrument
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Oboe
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Mezzo soprano, no mouth piece, two reeds of cane bound, tone is nasal, solecistic, used for tuning band
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English horn
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tenor member, pear-shaped bell, soft expressive tone
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Clarinet
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soprano, alto, tenor combined. made of wood. chisel-shaped mouthpiece, single reed. bass clarinet one octave lower
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Bassoon
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Bass member, double reed, variety of colors, contra bassoon lowest note of all woodwinds
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Saxophone
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soprano, alto ,tenor, baritone, bass sax. soprano=kenny g. alto and tenor is most popular. baritone has looped neck.
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Brass
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made of brass, cup shaped mouthpieces, piston or rotary valves, curved tubing, cylindrical or conical bore, vibration of lips, mutes for various levels of sounds
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Trumpet
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soprano member,highest sounding. usually in 2 parts, popular, ceremonial, great for jazz
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French Horn
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alto member, mellow sound, solecistic, blends well with woodwind, bass and strings. large range, difficult
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Trombone
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tenor member, medieval name is sackbut, no valves, can play glissandos
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Tuba
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bass member, lowest notes, 3 or 4 valves, adds body to band, velvety sound to rumbling growl
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Bugle
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like a trumpet in range but no valves, used in military
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Cornet
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like a trumpet but with a conical bore like a cone, mellow sound
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Flugelhorn
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like a trumpet but with a more mellow tone used in jazz (chuck mangione)
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Baritone/euphonium
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small tuba more conical bore matches bitches by the trombone, plays octave higher than a tuba
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Sousaphone
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plays same notes as a tuba, wraps around body, named after john philipsousa
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Percussion
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to hit, strike, or shake, sometimes called batter. accentuate rhythms
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Nonpitched
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can play only 1 note-
gong, bass drum, triangle, crash symbol, cow bell, snare drum, bongoes, cabasa |
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pitched
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steel drum, piano, chimes, marimba
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Piano
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invented in 1709, use of mechanism called double escapement, hammers strike strings, 3 pedals,
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Electric Piano
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less keys, portable, special timbre, can be amplified
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Organ
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KING OF INSTRUMENTS, wind instrument, air flows to pipes, 2 or more keyboards, foot pedal for bass notes
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Electric Organ/ synthesizers
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modern keyboards, numerous sounds, produces sounds of real instruments, can be up to 6000, made by yamaha, roland, korg
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parts of a guitar
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headstock, tuning peg/machines, nut, fret bar and fret, finger board, neck, 6 strings, body/cavity, pick guard, bridge
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chorus
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large singing group in several voice parts
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Choir
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smaller vocal groups. concert choir
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a cappella
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in the chapel, choral music without accompaniment
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chamber music
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ensemble of 2-24 players with one to a part
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string quartet
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4 strings, 2 violins viola, cello
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woodwind quintet
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flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, french horn
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brass quintet
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2 trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba
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orchestra
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performing group of diverse instruments. about 65% is strings
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Concert band
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woodwinds, bass, percussion, symphonic band=75-100 members
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Wind ensemble
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40-55 members, more individual parts
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Jazz Bands
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trios, quartets, etc. big band is 16 (5 sax, 4 trumpet, 4 trombones, piano, bass, drum set
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Rock Bands
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4-7 members
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Conductor
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leader of large groups, gives direction for tempo, dynamics, and interpretation
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Baton
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used for members to see better conducting patterns 2//4, 3/4, 4/4
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