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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Central line (axis) of body. Includes facial and cranial bones, vertebrae, ribs and sternum. |
Axial skeleton |
80 bones. Axis. |
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Upper and lower limbs. Anchored to axial skeleton. |
Appendicular skeleton |
126 bones. Appendages. |
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What are the functions of the bones? |
Stabilise and support the body Protect internal tissues and organs Movement; via providing a surface for muscle, ligament and tendon attachment and moving as a lever Storage: minerals such as Ca and Phosphorus Haematopoiesis: including erythopoiesis |
Steady, safe, contain, move, blood |
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What are the two main types of bone tissue? |
Compact bone: dense, smooth and homogenous Spongy bone: mesh work of uneven spaces |
One is dense and smooth, the other looks like the inside of a white chocolate Aero bar. |
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Name the four groups used to identify bones based on their shape. |
Long bone (e.g., humerus or femur) Irregular bone (vertebra). (E.g., bones of the spinal column and face. Flat bone (sternum). (E.g., bones of the skull) Short bone (talus). (E.g., bones of the ankles (tarsals) and wrists (carpals) |
Humerus, vertebra, sternum, talus |
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Name the sections of the vertebra |
Cervical vertebrae in neck (C1 - C7 ) Thoracic vertebrae in chest (T1 - T12) Lumbar vertebrae in lower back ( L1 - L5 ) 9 vertebrae that fuse together to form composite bones : sacrum (five fused vertebrae ) superior to coccyx (four fused vertebrae) |
C7, T12, L5, including 5 fused sac, 4 fused co |
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What does the skeletal system consist of? |
Bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments. |
Each word begins with a b, j, c and L respectively. |
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What is a joint? |
A point of contact between two bones. Holds the bones together. Allows flexibility and movement (well, most joints do.) |
Flex baby! |
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Describe the structure and function of a fibrous joint. |
Articular surfaces of two bones that are bound closely by fibrous connective tissue. Little movement is possible. |
E.g., sutures of the skull |
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Describe the structure and function of cartilaginous joints. |
Cartilage connects one bone to another. It allows slight movement. |
E.g., vertebrae of the vertebrae column. And first rib of the sternum (costal) |
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Describe the structure and function of synovial joints. |
More complex structure: bones encased in a capsule and separated by synovial fluid and cartilage Freely moveable. |
Accounts for most joints in the skeletal system. |
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What are the six types of synovial joints? |
Hinge Pivot Saddle Condylar Ball and Socket Plane |
Door, swivel, horseback, rhymes with candybar, soccer and plug, flies in the air |
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What is the structure of cartilage? |
Dense connective tissue - fibres embedded in a strong gel-like substance Flexibility of firm plastic No blood supply or nervous innervation |
Hard plastic. Dense. |
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What is the function of cartilage? |
Supports and shapes structures. (E.g., auditory canal, larynx, intervertebral discs) Cushions and absorbs shock. |
Support class dense connective tissue. |
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What is a tendon? |
Bands of fibrous connective tissue. Attaches muscle to bone. Enables bone to move when skeletal muscles contract. |
Tendies |
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What is a ligament? |
Dense, strong, flexible bands of fibrous connective tissue. Attaches bones to other bones. |
Ashes to ashes, bone to... |
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What are the three types of muscle in the human body? |
Cardiac Smooth Skeletal |
C... Sm... Sk... |
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What are the three types of muscles in the human body? |
Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle |
C... Sm... Sk... |
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What are the basic characteristics of skeletal muscle? |
Usually attached to bones. Voluntary. Striated. Somatic innervation. |
Where is it attaches? Does it move voluntarily? |
