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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy? |
Unknown cause, Seen in large breeds with open growth plates. Inflammation above distal growth plates of long bones. |
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What will an x-ray of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy? |
Radiolucence around area |
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What occurs in later stages of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy? |
New bone grows around growth plates. |
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What are the clinical signs of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy? |
Pain shifting, lameness, inflammation, pyrexia, anorexia due to pain |
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What nursing care can be done for Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy? |
Analgesia, antibiotics, IV fluids, balanced diet, physio, TLC |
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What is panosteitis? |
Unknown cause, medullary bone cavity (marrow) invaded by fibrous tissue which eventually turns to new bone. Often seen in GSD and large breeds. |
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What are the clinical signs of panosteitis? |
Lameness, pain, pyrexia. No long term side effects. Requires supportive care for lameness. |
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What are the three types of Elbow dysplasia? |
Fragmented medial coronoid process (Part of the ulna detaches). United anconeal process (Anconeal process attaches to ulna) Osteochondritis dissecans (outer bone detaches). |
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What are the causes of elbow dysplasia? |
Genetics, poor nutrition, trauma. |
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What are the clinical signs of elbow dysplasia? |
Lameness in forelimb, muscle atrophy, pain, crepitus, reduced ROM. |
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How is elbow dysplasia diagnosed and treated? |
Diagnosed with surgery or arthroscopy. Treated with surgery or medical management. |
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What is Hip dysplasia? |
Where the femoral head doesn't sit in the acetabulum correctly due to changed that occur during development. |
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What may precent the onset of clinical signs during hip dysplasia? |
Muscles can support the joint so clinical signs are not seen. Potentially not seen until onset of osteoarthritis. |
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what are clinical signs of Hip dysplasia? |
Lameness hip instability, bunny hopping, pain. |
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How can hip dysplasia be managed? |
Pain relief, joint supplements, or surgical replacement. |
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What are the three types of arthritis? |
Inflammatory, immune mediated, or Osteoarthritis. |
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What is inflammatory arthritis? |
Caused by an infection in the joint. Confirmed by joint fluid sample. |
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What are the clinical signs of inflammatory arthritis? |
Swelling, pain, lameness, pyrexia. |
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What is immune mediated arthritis? |
A result of a reaction to a virus of dug, immune complexes lodge in synovial joint. |
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How can immune mediated arthritis be treated? |
Steroids are usually the treatment of choice. |
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What are the clinical signs of immune mediated arthritis? |
Pyrexia, inappetence, stiffness. |
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What is Osteoarthritis? |
A progressive disease caused by abnormal forces on normal cartilage, or normal forces on abnormal cartilage. |
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What are the clinical signs of Osteoarthritis? |
Stiffness, small ROM, pain, crepitus, exercise intolerance. |
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How can osteoarthritis be treated? |
Physio, meds, supplements, soft bedding and weight management |
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What is cruciate disease? |
Results from gradual weakening or sudden trauma to the cruciate joint. Can lead to meniscal damage and osteoarthritis. |
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What are the clinical signs of cruciate disease? |
Lameness, stiffness, swelling, muscle atrophy, positive cranial drawer. |
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How can cruciate disease be treated? |
Surgery (TPLO, TTA, or ligament replacement), conservation using rehabilitation and supplements. |
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What is patella luxation? |
The groove where the patella sits in the femur is not deep enough so patella slips out on occasion. Can lead to growth deformities with ligaments pressing on bone causing mishaping. |
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What is the treatment for patella luxation? |
Surgery to deepen groove. |
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What is perthes disease? |
Avascular necrosis of femoral head, causing proper formation to fail. Only treated with a femoral head excision. |
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What is Osteosarcoma? |
Malignant tumour of a long bone. Can potentially cause fracture. Requires amputation. |
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What is chondrosarcoma? |
Malignant tumour of the chondrocytes, effects ribs and nasal cavity. |
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What is Fibrosarcoma? |
Malignant tumour of the axial skeleton like the mandible. |
