Muscular Tissue

Front 1

Three types of muscle tissue?

Back 1

cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

Front 2

What are the two myfilaments?

Back 2

actin-thin
mysoin-thick

Front 3

Five principal characteristics of muscle tissue?

Back 3

1.excitability
2.conductivity
3.contractility
4.extensibility
5.elasticity

Front 4

This type of tissue is innervateed by the SNS?

Back 4

Skeletal

Front 5

Inervated by ANS?

Back 5

Cardiac and smooth muscle

Front 6

Resting membrane potential of muscle tissue?

Back 6

approx. -90mV

Front 7

What are the cells of skeletal muscle...

Back 7

they are muscle fibers, not cells arranged in an orderly fashion via Connective tissue to form a muscle organ

Front 8

What cell-cell junctions are in skeletal muscle?

Back 8

none

Front 9

What type of tissue makes up the epimysium? Perimysium? Endomysium?

Back 9

Epi and Peri-Type I dense irregular
Endo- loose connective tissue, Type III fibers

Front 10

Capillaries are located in which layer of connective tissue?

Back 10

endomysium

Front 11

What makes up the external lamina of skeletal muscle?

Back 11

reticular fibers of endomysium

Front 12

How many nuclei does skeletal muscle have?

Back 12

Many; multi-nucleated

Front 13

What are satellite cells?

Back 13

These cells serve to repair damaged tissue. Activated upon muscle injury, proliferate and differentiate to repair damage.

Front 14

PM of skeletal muscle fibers

Back 14

sarcolemma

Front 15

Location of nuclei in skeletal muscle

Back 15

Just beneathe the sarcolemma, pushed out to the edges

Front 16

Thousands of invaginations of the sarcolemma of skeltal and cardiac muscle called

Back 16

T-tubules

Front 17

What makes up a triad?

Back 17

Two terminal cisternae + one t tubule

Front 18

What connects the terminal cisternae to the t-tubules?

Back 18

Voltage-gated calcium channels

Front 19

What is repsonsible for the subsequent calcium uptake after muscle contraction?

Back 19

Ca Atpase pumps

Front 20

What is the functional unit of a myofibril?

Back 20

sarcomere

Front 21

What boundaries make up a sarcomere?

Back 21

z-line to z-line

Front 22

Maxium tension can only be generated from a ______ muscle. Sarcomere=2.25 micometers.

Back 22

relaxed

Front 23

Three types of proteins associated with skeletal muscle?

Back 23

1.contractile
2.regulatory
3.structural

Front 24

What are the contractile proteins of skeletal muscle?

Back 24

Actin and myosin

Front 25

What are the regulatory proteins associeated with muscle contraction?

Back 25

tropomyosin and troponin

Front 26

Thin filaments are one microfilament (actin) strengthened by _______. This protein must also be moved for myosin to bind to actin.

Back 26

tropomyosin

Front 27

What are the three units of troponin and what do they bind?

Back 27

TnT-binds tropomyosin
TnC-binds calcium
TnI binds actin

Front 28

Myosin II (thick filament) binds ATP and actin. It is surrounded by how many microfilaments?

Back 28

6

Front 29

How do thick filaments assemble?

Back 29

Self-assemble into 300-350 myosin molecules

Front 30

Caps plus end of microfilaments

Back 30

Cap-Z

Front 31

Caps minus end of microfilaments

Back 31

Tropomodulin

Front 32

two proteins that link thick filaments together in the bare area of sarcomere

Back 32

Myomesin and C-protein

Front 33

Holds thick filaments to alpha-actinin ensuring that thick filaments remain centered.

Back 33

Titin

Front 34

Links myofibrils to laminin/attatches them to sarcolemma

Back 34

Dystrophin

Front 35

Links myfibrils together

Back 35

Desmin; z-lines "in register"

Front 36

Enzyme in H-zone/another source of ATP?

Back 36

creatine kinase

Front 37

White fibers generate ATP by

Back 37

anaerobic glycolysis

Front 38

Red fibers generate ATP by

Back 38

aerobic oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 39

Creatine phosphate + ADP ->

Back 39

ATP + creatine

Front 40

Locatin of nuclei in cardiac muscle

Back 40

large central nuclei

Front 41

What cell junctions are associated with cardiac muscle?

Back 41

Fascia Adherens, desmosome and gap junction

Front 42

What make up the intercalated disks?

Back 42

Transverse portion= FA + desmosome
Lateral=gap junction

Front 43

Which cells of cardiac muscle have more gap junctions atrial or ventricular?

Back 43

Atrial, they are also smaller

Front 44

What makes up a diad? location?

Back 44

t-tubule + one terminal cisternae
Cardiac muscle

Front 45

Two sources of calcium for cardiac muscle?

Back 45

Sarcoplasmic reticulum and Extracellular (PM)

Front 46

Two types of fibers in smooth muscle?

Back 46

1.multiunit-each muscle has its own nerve supply and contract independently
2.Unitary-cells contract as a single unit(lots of gap junctions)

Front 47

What type of metabolism does cardiac muscle undergo?

Back 47

aerobic; lots of mitochondria

Front 48

Sarcolemma invaginations of smooth muscle?

Back 48

caveolae

Front 49

Source of calcium in smooth muscle is mostly _________.

Back 49

extracellular

Front 50

intermediate filament of smooth muscle?

Back 50

desmin

*vimentin in vascular smooth muscle

Front 51

Desmin interconnect _________, which are analogous to z-lines in skeletal muscle.

Back 51

dense bodies

Front 52

Trigger signal for muscle contraction?

Back 52

calcium

Front 53

A skeletal muscle such as biceps is a structural and functional unit composed of all four primary tissues and, as such , is an ________

Back 53

organ

Front 54

location of nuclei in smooth muscle

Back 54

elongated, central nucleus

Front 55

what is the calcium binding protein in smooth muscle?

Back 55

calmodulin; activates myosin light-chain kinase

Front 56

what type of smooth muscle is found in the uterus?

Back 56

myometrium

Front 57

Vascular smooth muscle cells are found in the tunica media of all vessels except what?

Back 57

capillaries and postcapillary venules

Front 58

Smooth muscle is innervated by what functional component?

Back 58

GVE

Front 59

Describe the innervation of smooth muscle?

Back 59

The post-ganlionic nerve fibers are unmyelinated and terminate as a series of varicosed branches. At the site at which transmission is to occur, the Schwann cell is retracted and the axon lies within a shallow groove on the surface of the smooth muscle cell. Part of the axon thus is naked, permitting free diffusion of the transmitter substance from the axon to the muscle cell

Front 60

What type of synapse is made with smooth muscle?

Back 60

En passant synapses

Front 61

In most cases only a few muscle cells are associated with autonomic endings, and the wave of caontraction passes from one muscle cell to another by means of a ____________.

Back 61

gap juncion

Front 62

Visceral efferent endings occur?
The nerve branch endings that do not form specialized junctions also occur?

Back 62

in smooth muscle viscera, blood vessels, and arrector pili muscle associated with hair.
-cardiac muscle

Front 63

A skeletal muscle organn is surrounded by a thick later of connective tissue called the ?

Back 63

epimysium

Front 64

Each fasciculus is surrouned by a thinner layer of connective tissue called the?

Back 64

perimysium

Front 65

Each muscle fiber is sourrounded by a delicate layer of connective tissue called the ?

Back 65

endomysium

Front 66

Which type of tissue forms a true syncitium?

Back 66

skeletal muscle tissue

Front 67

Satellite cells can divide when?

Back 67

when trauma occurs; sits with external lamina, and cannot regenerate an entire fiber

Front 68

Fuctional component that innervates skeletal muscle?

Back 68

GSE

Front 69

Slow contracting ____ muscle fiber does not fatigue easily

Back 69

RED

Front 70

Fast contracting ___ muscle fatigues quickly

Back 70

WHITE

Front 71

Repetitive vigorous exercise of skeletal and cardiac muscle causes _______

Back 71

hypertrophy

Front 72

Where are T-tubules located in the sarcomere of skeletal muscle?

Back 72

A-I junction

Front 73

Myofibrils are held in register by

Back 73

desmin

Front 74

Where does the excitation-contraction coupling occurs?

Back 74

The triad

Front 75

Where do t-tubules occur in cardiac muscle?

Back 75

z lines