Muscular System

Front 1

what are muscle fibers

Back 1

muscle cells
elongated in shape

Front 2

what are actin and myosin

Back 2

microfilaments conained in muscle cells

Front 3

what are the 3 types of muscle

Back 3

skeletal-voluntary, animals "meat"
smooth-involuntary, line organs, passageways, etc
cardiac-involuntary, found in the heart only

Front 4

what are teh main functions of muscles

Back 4

-provide motion
-maintin posture
-regulate organ volume
-produce heat

Front 5

what are the 4 principle characteristics of muscles

Back 5

excitability
contractability
extensibility
elasticity

Front 6

excitability

Back 6

ability of a muscle cell to respond to a neurotransmitter
-action potential

Front 7

contractability

Back 7

the ability of a muscle cell to shorten

Front 8

extensibility

Back 8

muscle tissue can be stretched without damaging effects

Front 9

elasticity

Back 9

muscle tissue tends to return to original shape after shortening or stretching

Front 10

describe skeletal muscle

Back 10

-consists of cylindrical fibers
-striated due to the presence of light and dark bands
-under voluntary control by the somatic nervous system
-contraction enables movement of head, trunk and extremities

Front 11

where is skeletal muscle located?

Back 11

it is usually found attached to bone

Front 12

what is the main functions of skeletal muscle

Back 12

-motion, posture and heat production
-all or none contraction, contracts completely
-makes up flesh or meat along with connective tissue
-cannot divide and therefore cannot regenerate itself if damaged

Front 13

what are skeletal muscles composed of?

Back 13

belly
2 or more attatchments
surrounded by fibrous connective tissue

Front 14

what is the belly of skeletal muscle

Back 14

main muscle mass
-the part of the muscle that contracts

Front 15

what 3 forms do skeletal attachments come in

Back 15

tendon
aponeuroses
direct or fleshy attachment

Front 16

what is aponeuroses

Back 16

a braod sheet of connective tissue usually located between broad flat muscles
ex: linea alba

Front 17

what are some examples of a direct or fleshy attachment
(skeletal)

Back 17

ribs-intercostal muscles
direct connection to muscle to bone with little visible connective tissue involved

Front 18

what are the 2 attachment sites in skeletal muscle

Back 18

origin
-stationary or fixed end of the muscle
-usually fixed proximally on the limbs
insertion:
-attachment on the moveable end of muscle
-usually located distally on the limbs

Front 19

in regards to attachments points and origin, what does the "head" refer to

Back 19

refers to each origin in the muscles that have more than one origin

Front 20

muscle naming
action

Back 20

portion of muscle name is often related to its function

Front 21

flexon muscles

Back 21

muscles that flex

Front 22

extensor muscles

Back 22

muscles that extend

Front 23

muscle naming
shape

Back 23

a muscle name based on its distinctive shape

Front 24

muscle naming
location

Back 24

indicates its location in thebody

Front 25

muscle naming
direction of fibers

Back 25

ie: rectus means straight
direction of fibers indicates where and in what direction

Front 26

muscle naming
number of heads

Back 26

cep comes from cephal=head
biceps=2 heads

Front 27

muscle naming
attachment sites

Back 27

can be named according to the loction of its attachments
ex: sternocephalic muscle
-attached at the sternum and the head

Front 28

what are the 6 ways of naming muscles

Back 28

action
shape
location
attachments
fiber direction
number of heads or divisions

Front 29

what are extrinsic muscles

Back 29

attach limbs to axial skeleton

Front 30

what are intrinsic muscles

Back 30

extend between bones of limbs

Front 31

Describe a flexor muscle

Back 31

located on the side of the limb towards which the joint bends
-contraction will decrease the angle of the joint
"bend" it

Front 32

describe an extensor muscle

Back 32

located on the opposite side of flexors
-contraction will increase the angle of the joint
"straighten" it

Front 33

describe adductor muslces

Back 33

pull limbs towards median plane

Front 34

describe abductor muscls

Back 34

pull limb away from median plane

Front 35

describe a sphincter

Back 35

muscles that surround an opening

Front 36

describe an cutaneous muscle

Back 36

muscle in the superficial layer between the skin and the deep fascia which cover the cheif skeletal muscles
-attached to the skin and responsible for skin movement and twitching

Front 37

what are the 6 functional groupings of muscle

Back 37

flexor
extensor
adductor
abductor
sphincter
cutaneous

Front 38

myopathies

Back 38

diseases of muscle

Front 39

what is a contracted flexor tendon

Back 39

-pasterns, fetlocks and sometimes carpal joints are flexed due to shortened flexor tendons
-may also have a cleft palate
-