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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of muscles
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(1) movement by attachment to bones
(2) produce heat (3) body posture (4) protection of internal organs |
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Structures of the muscular system
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Muscles, tendons, and joints
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Muscles
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organs that are able to contract and relax; 3 types of muscles;can only pull
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3 types of muscles
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(1) Skeletal/ striated
(2) Visceral/ smooth (3) Cardiac |
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Skeletal/striated
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found on or near bones; voluntary
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Visceral/smooth
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internal organs and passageways; involuntary
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Cardiac
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heart muscle; striated in appearance; smooth in action; involuntary
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Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
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area where the muscle membrane and nerve interact; where innervation takes place
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Acetylcholine (Ach)
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main neurotransmitter at the NMJ
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Hypertrophy
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overdevelopment of muscle
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Atrophy
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Wasting away of muscle tissue
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Origin
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start of the muscle; area of least movement
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Belly
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body or main part of the muscle
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Insertion
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end area or area of most movement
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Tendons
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connect muscles to bones; the cross joints
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Fascia
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sheets of connective tissue that bind and cover muscles
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Muscle fiber
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singe muscle tissue
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Muscle team/pair
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muscles that work together to produce an opposite movement
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Agonist/Prime mover
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working muscle during movement
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Antagonist
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resting muscle during movement
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Muscles that cooperate and stabilizes the muscle team
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Synergists
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Normal state of partial contraction when awake
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muscle tone
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shortening of a muscle that results in movement
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contraction
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abnormal bending of a joint in a permanently flexed or lock position
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contracture
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(1) size
(2) shape (3) fiber direction (4) location (5) origin numbers (6) muscle action |
Naming of skeletal muscles
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cartilage covering the ends of bones at the joint
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articular cartilage
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encloses the synovial joint
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capsule
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slick, lubercating fluid
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synovial fluid
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small sacs of synovial fluid between muscles and bones, tendons and bones
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Bursae
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strong cords that join bone together and stabilize joints
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supporting ligaments
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moving a limb towards the body
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adduction
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moving of a limb away from the body
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abduction
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bending or decreasing the joint angle
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flexion
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straightening or increasing the joint angle
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extension
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palms up
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supination
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palms down
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pronation
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moving something upward
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levation
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moving something downward
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depression
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moving in a circle
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circumduction
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back and forth
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rotation
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bending foot downward; on tip toe
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plantar flexion
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bending the foot upward; walking on heels
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doriflexion
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sole of foot turns inward
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inversion
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sole of foot turns outward
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eversion
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