Muscles - Gen Physio

Front 1

When structure and function are coordinated the body achieves a relative stability of its Internal environment

Back 1

Homeostasis

Front 2

the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates the restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable

Back 2

Set point

Front 3

Control centers in the brain and other parts of the body monitor and react to deviations from homeostasis using negative feedback

Back 3

Set point

Front 4

a mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.

Back 4

Negative feedback

Front 5

loop will act to bring it down

Back 5

Negative feedback

Front 6

Increase body temperature

Back 6

Negative feedback

Front 7

amplify their initiating stimuli, in other words, they move the system away from its starting state.

Back 7

Positive feedback

Front 8

Platelets in the blood start to cling to the injured site and release chemicals that attract additional platelets.

Back 8

Blood clotting

Front 9

The three main muscles types in the body are:

Back 9

Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal

Front 10

The muscle that pumps blood through your body is

Back 10

Cardiac

Front 11

Which muscles helps move your shoulders?

Back 11

Deltoid

Front 12

Which type of muscle is found in your digestive system?

Back 12

Smooth muscle

Front 13

What connects bone and muscle together?

Back 13

Tendons

Front 14

Some of your biggest and most powerful muscles are:

Back 14

Calves & Thighs

Front 15

Which muscles are found at the front of your thighs?

Back 15

Quadriceps

Front 16

When you make a muscle with your arms, you are flexing your?

Back 16

Biceps

Front 17

ARE COMPOSED OF ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS

Back 17

Myofibrils

Front 18

The thick filaments of muscle fibers are called

Back 18

Myosin

Front 19

and the thin filaments are called

Back 19

Actin

Front 20

is composed of myosin filaments and actin filaments that are responsible for the actual muscle contraction

Back 20

Myofibril

Front 21

The light bands contain only actin filaments and are called

Back 21

I band

Front 22

The dark bands contain myosin filaments, as well as the ends of the actin filaments where they overlap the myosin, and are called

Back 22

A band

Front 23

The portion of the myofibril that lies between two successive Z disks.

Back 23

Sacromere

Front 24

The spaces between the myofibrils are filled with intracellular fluid called

Back 24

Sacroplasm

Front 25

The cross-bridge formed from the interaction of actin and myosin filaments is broken when

Back 25

an ATP molecule binds to the myosin head.

Front 26

At the resting membrane potential, which ion has a higher concentraction inside the neuron compared to outside?

Back 26

Potassium

Front 27

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is different from the usual endoplasmic reticulum of cells due to

Back 27

Its ability to store calcium ions

Front 28

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction?

Back 28

To break down acetylcholine

Front 29

The threshold poten4al is the membrane poten4al at which

Back 29

An action potential is initiated

Front 30

What is the res4ng membrane poten4al of a typical neuron?

Back 30

- 70 mv

Front 31

What is the immediate result of acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the muscle cell membrane?

Back 31

Muscle contraction

Front 32

Which phase of the ac4on poten4al involves the rapid influx of sodium ions, leading to the membrane poten4al becoming more posi4ve?

Back 32

Deporalization

Front 33

Which ion plays a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of an action potential ?

Back 33

Sodium

Front 34

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junc4on?

Back 34

Acetylcholine

Front 35

major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body

Back 35

Nervous system

Front 36

is responsible for integrating most sensory information and coordinating body function, both consciously and unconsciously.

Back 36

Brain

Front 37

It is responsible for conveying information to the CNS from the body itself and from the environment

Back 37

Sensory (afferent)

Front 38

It carries information from the CNS to the muscles.

Back 38

Motor / efferent

Front 39

controls skeletal muscles and acts mainly under the direc4on of conscious voluntary control from the brain.

Back 39

Somatic division

Front 40

innervates smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Back 40

Autonomic division

Front 41

control over the func4ons of many organs and brings the fine internal adjustments necessary for the maintenance of the op4mal internal environment of the body

Back 41

Autonomic division

Front 42

referred to as the body’s chemical messengers. They are the molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles.

Back 42

Neurotransmitter

Front 43

are characterized by direct open fluid channels that conduct electricity from one cell to the next.

Back 43

Electrical synapse

Front 44

the main body of the neuron;

Back 44

Soma

Front 45

extends from the soma into a peripheral nerve that leaves the spinal cord.

Back 45

A single axon

Front 46

which are great numbers of branching projec4ons of the soma that extend as much as 1 millimeter into the surrounding areas of the cord.

Back 46

Dendrites

Front 47

are the ends of nerve fibrils that originate from many other neurons

Back 47

Presynaptic terminalis

Front 48

membrane of the presynaptic terminal which contains large numbers of voltage- gated calcium channels.

Back 48

Presynaptic membrane

Front 49

having a width usually of 200 to 300 angstroms, this structure separates the presynaptic terminal from the postsynaptic neuronal soma.

Back 49

Synaptic cleft

Front 50

they secrete a transmitter substance that excites the postsynaptic neuron

Back 50

Excitatory

Front 51

they secrete a transmiAer substance that inhibits the postsynaptic neuron.

Back 51

Inhibatory

Front 52

contain the transmitter substance that, when released into the synaptic clew, either excites or inhibits the postsynaptic neuron

Back 52

Transmitter vesicles

Front 53

provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which in turn supplies the energy for synthesizing new transmiAer substance.

Back 53

Mitochondria

Front 54

mechanism by which nerve cells communicate and conduct informa4on and muscle cells are induced to contract.

Back 54

Action potential

Front 55

its membrane contains large numbers of receptor proteins.

Back 55

Postsynaptic neuron

Front 56

Which phase of the ac4on poten4al involves the rapid influx of sodium ions, leading to the membrane poten4al becoming more posi4ve?

Back 56

Deporalization