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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscles
Varieties Types |
The contractile organs responsible for movement in an animal
Striated (striped) and unstraited (smooth and cardiac) Voluntary and skeletal |
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AB attachments
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The origin and insertion of a muscle
A = origin, less movable and usually more proximal B = insertion, the more movable and usually the more distal |
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Muscle action
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The main movement or movements cause by contraction of a muscle
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Types of muscle attachments
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Tendious attachment
Aponeurotic attachment |
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Tendinous attachment
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The dense connective tissue connecting spindle shaped or pennate muscles to bone
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Aponeurotic attachment
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The flat tendinous sheet associated with flat muscles such as those of the abdominal wall
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Fleshy attachment
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The apparent direct atachemtn of muscle tissue to bone (scapular muscles) In reality they attach to the periosteum of the bone by the connective tissue found throughout the muscle
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Muscle Function Types
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Agonist
Antagonist |
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Agonist
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Produces the characteristic movement at a joint (biceps brachii m is the agonist for the flexion of the elbow joint)
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Antagonist
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Opposes the movement of a agonist and is smoothe and controlled (triceps brachii m is the prime mover for extension to the biceps brachii m during flexion of the elbow)
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synergist
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A muscle that indirectly aids the action of a prime mover (agonist)
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Fixator
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A muscle that stabilizes the proximal end of a limb while the distal end moves
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Muscle belly
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The expanded part of a muscle
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Muscle head
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the origin of a muscle
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Muscle slips
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minor divisions of a muscle attachment
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Muscle architecture
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how the muscle fibers are arranged will determine how much the muscle can shorten or the power of contraction
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Parallel
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Strap or sheet like - have muscle fibers arranged parallel to the long axis over the entire length of the muscle. These can contract the most, thus, displace the bones of a joint the most, but not as strongly as pennate muscles
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Pennate muscle
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A muscle that has a tendon running its length with muscle fibers that join the tendon at an angle. This allows a greater cross section of muscle issue thus greater strength of contraction but reduces the length the muscle can contract
Uni - tendons along one side Bi - tendons along each side Multi - tendons distributed through it |
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Sphincter
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Have fibers arranged in rings around openings (mouth and anus) which constrict to close the openings
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Muscle contraction
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shortening of a muscle causing a change in the alignments of bones around a joint
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Cutaneous muscles
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Cutaneous trunci m. covers the lateral side of the trunk function to twitch the skin
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Extrinsic mm of the thoracic limb
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have an attachment to the limb and an attachment to the body
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Intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb
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muscles with both their attachments on the thoracic limb
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Shoulder muscles
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supraspinatus and infraspinatus
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Arm muscles
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triceps brachii - Extensor of elbow
biceps brachii - Flexor of elbow Extensors of the digits and carpus Flexors of the digits and carpus Muscles of the manus and pes |
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Thoracic muscles
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Inspiratory mm
Diaphram Expiratory mm |
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Abdominal muscle
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Abdominal wall mm
Aponeurosis - flat tendons of the lateral abdominal muscles that forma sheath around the rectus abdmoinal Rectus abdominis m - straight abdominal muscle on either side of the midline External rectus sheath - the aponeruoses of the abdominal mm covering the rectus abdominis |
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Back muscles
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Epaxial mm - Located above the transverse processes of the vertebrae
Hypaxial m - below the transverse processes of the vertebrae Longus colli m - a hypaxial m located ventral to the bodies of the cervical vertebrae |
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Muscles of the Ventral neck
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Strap mm - sternohyoid and sternothyroid mm arise from the sternum and extend crainally on the ventral mid-line of the neck just superficial to the trachea
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Muscle of the Pelvic Limb
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Sublumbar mm
Rump or gluteal muscle Thigh muscle Cranial thigh muscle Adductor/medial thigh muscle Caudal muscles of the thigh/hamstring mm Muscles of the crus Extensors of the digits and flexors of the tarsus Flexors of the digits and extensors for the tarsus |
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Muscles of the Head
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Muscles of facial expression - Orbicularis oculi m. sphincter fibers encircle the eye
Muscles of mastication Extrinsic muscles of the eye Muscles of the tounge Muscles of the pharynx |
