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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic aims of muscle testing
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Test for strength / weakness
Test for tightness / hypermobility - An imbalance in strength or tightness will cause altered joint ROM (non-phasic motion) & gait. Can be strengthened |
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What are the principles of muscle testing
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1. Patient and tester should be as comfortable as possible
2. Fixate proximal to the area being tested 3. Apply pressure directly against muscle's action 4. Apply pressure gradually 5. One joint muscle = End ROM 6. Two Joint muscle = Mid ROM 7. MM tested 3 times, compared to agonist & opposite 8. Isolate muscle being tested |
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What are the principles of muscle testing
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1. Comfort
2. Fixate Proximal 3. Pressure Directly 4. Pressure Gradually 5. One Joint = End ROM 6. Two Joint = Mid ROM 7. 3 x testing + Opposite + Antagonist 8. Isolate |
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Kendall's Grading of Strength
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0 No movement
+ - Flicker 2+ - ROM in horizontal plane only (can't overcome gravity) 3+ - Overcomes gravity 4+ - Mm resists moderate pressure 5+ - Mm resists strong pressure |
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Quick first pass muscle tests?
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Extensors / Dorsiflexors
Flexors / Plantarflexors Inverters Everters Adductors Abductors |
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Tibialis Posterior Motion
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PF + Inv
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Tibialis Posterior
- Attachment - Motion - Test - If weak |
Attach: Tib+ Fib > Prox 1st - 3rd Met
Motion: Pf + Inv Test: Supine, Fixate above ankle, DF + Ev Weakness: = FHL & FDL sub = Toes flex = Single leg tip toe difficult = Gross pronation |
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Tibialis Anterior
- Attachment - Motion - Test - If weak |
Attach: Ant Tib > Dorsal 1st Met
Motion: Df+ Ev Test: Supine, Fixate above ankle, PF + Inv Weakness: = Gross pronation = Dropfoot signals |
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Soleus
- Attachment - Motion - Test - If weak - Possible Causes |
Attach: Tib+ Fib > Achillies
Motion: Pf (only) Test: Prone, Flexed Knee, Fixate prox AJ, Df (calc or plantar surface) Weakness: Pf + Inv/Ev = Ad/Ab, Flexor, Peroneal subistution = Cavus Foot = Tip toe difficult = Ant displacement at knee bend Causes: - Landing Df AJ + Knees Bent - Deep Knee Bends + DF AJ |
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Gastrochnemius
- Attachment - Motion - Test - If weak |
Attach: Lat Femur > Achillies
Motion: Pf (only) Test: Prone, Extended Knee, Fixate Knee, Df position (calc if weak or plantar if strong) Weakness: = Tip toe raise difficult = Knee Hyperextension |
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Peroneus Longus & Brevis
- Attachment - Motion - Test - If weak |
Attach: Lat Fibula > PB: Lat 5th, PL: Lat 1st - 3rd Mets
Motion: Ev + Pf Test: Supine, Fixate Proximal AJ, Df + Inv foot position Weakness: = Allows Varus position = Decreased Lat Stability = Decrease toe rise ability |
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EHL (& Medial Head EDB)
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Attach: EHL: Med Fib > Hallux, EDB: Sup calcaneus > 1st to 4th middle phalanx
Motion: Ext (Df) + AJ Df Test: Supine, Fixate behind AJ, Plantar position, Press Dorsal Hallux Weakness: = Decreased Hallux & AJ Extension - Allowing flexed toes |
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EDL (& EDB)
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Attach: EDL: Distal Fib > Distal 1-5, EDB: Sup calcaneus > 1st to 4th middle phalanx
Motion: Ext (Df) + AJ Df Test: Supine, Fixate behind AJ, Plantar position, Press Dorsal Lesser toes Weakness: = Dropfoot = Ffoot Varus |
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FHB
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Attach: Layer 3: Cubiod > Lat & Med Hallux
Motion: Pf MPJ of Hallux Test: Supine, Fixate Foot/AJ/MPJ, Plantar position, Press Prox Phall Hallux Weakness: = Hallux Hammering = Decreased longitudinal arch stability |
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FHL
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Attach: Mid Fib > Plantar Hallux
Motion: Pf IPJ Hallux, - Aids: Pf of MPJ / AJ + Inv Test: Supine, Fixate Foot/AJ/MPJ neutral, Plantar Position, Press Distal Phall Hallux Weakness: = Decreased inv strength = Hallux Hyper-ext / Hammering through decreased Pf of MPJ + AJ |
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FDL (& QP)
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Attach: Mid Tib > Distal Digit Phallanx
Motion: Pf Digits, - Aids: Pf of AJ + Inv Test: Supine, Fixate AJ neutral + Mets, Plantar Position, Press Distal Phal Digits Weakness: = Hallux Hyper-ext Distal Phal 2-5 = Decreased inv strength = Decreased Pf AJ = Increased Pronation (in stance) |
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FDB
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Attach: Pl Calc > Middle Digit Phallanx
Motion: Pf Proximal IPJ, - Aids: Pf of MPJ 2-5 Test: Supine, Fixate AJ neutral + Porx Phal, Press Middle Phal Digits Weakness: = Decreased Longitudinal Arch Support = Decreased Transverse Arch Support |
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Hamstrings
- Semi-tendinosis - Biceps Femoris - Semi-membranosis |
Attach: Isch Tub > BF: Lat Fib, Semis: Med Tib
Motion: Flex Knee, Extend Hip Test: Prone, Fix thigh, Press Calf Med: Semi-Tend & Semi-Memb, Lat: Bicep Fem (50 - 70 deg) Weakness: = Knee Hyper ext Bilateral: = Ant Pelvic Tilt (lordosis LB) Decreased Med: = Knock Knees (Valgum) Decreased Lat: = Bow Legs (Varum) |
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Quadriceps Femoris
- Vastus Latralis - Rec Fem - Vastus Intermedius - Vastus Medialis |
Attach: Trochanter Pelvis > Ant Tib
Motion: Extend Knee Joint Test: Sitting, Knee Flexed, Press Dorsum Leg (shin) Weakness: = Diffculty Stairs / Inclines / Rising from seated = Allows Knee Hyper ext |
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Hip Flexors
- Psoas Major + Illiacus - Rec Femoris |
Attach: L1-5 + Illiac Crest > Med (lesser) Troch Femur
Motion: Flex + Lat Rot Thigh, Flex Trunk & Pelvis Test: Sitting, Knee Flexed, Press Dorsum Thigh - Allow Raise + Knee flex (Illiacus) Press Shoulder (illiopsoas) Weakness: = Difficulty Stairs / Inclines = Difficulty Rising from Seated / Supine |
