Muscle System

Front 1

Muscles of facial expression

Back 1

frontalis, orbicular oculi, Levator palpebrea superioris, buccinator, zygomaticus, platysma

Front 2

Chewing Muscles

Back 2

Temporalis, Masseter

Front 3

Neck

Back 3

Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, scalenes (3)

Front 4

Breathing muscles

Back 4

external and internal intercostals, diaphragm

Front 5

Abdominal muscles

Back 5

Ex and In oblique, Transverse abdominis, rectus abdomnis

Front 6

Veterbral muscles

Back 6

trapezius, erector spinae, sternocleidomastoid, abdominal muscles, illiopsoas

Front 7

shoulder and arm muscles

Back 7

trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, rotator cuff muscles, tere major

Front 8

rotator cuff muscles

Back 8

supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor

Front 9

forearm muscles

Back 9

biceps and triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, supinator, pronator teres

Front 10

muscles that move the hand and wrist

Back 10

flexor and extensor carpi and digitorum group

Front 11

thigh and leg muscle

Back 11

Gluteus maximus and medius and minimus, Illiopsoas, tensor fasciae latae, adductor group, gracillis, pectineus, Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, hamstrings

Front 12

Quadriceps femor

Back 12

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis and medialis and intermedius

Front 13

Hamstrings

Back 13

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Front 14

Ankle and foot muscles

Back 14

Tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius, soleus

Front 15

prime mover

Back 15

particular movement

Front 16

synergist

Back 16

assists

Front 17

antagonist

Back 17

oppose

Front 18

neuromascular junction

Back 18

point of contact between muscle fiber and nerve ending

Front 19

isotonic

Back 19

movement

Front 20

isometric

Back 20

tense but no movement

Front 21

tetanic

Back 21

sustaned/steady responce to stimuli

Front 22

hypotrophy

Back 22

increase size

Front 23

disuse

Back 23

decrease size

Front 24

vastus

Back 24

huge

Front 25

latissimus term

Back 25

wide

Front 26

rectus

Back 26

straight

Front 27

transverse

Back 27

across

Front 28

oblique

Back 28

diagonial

Front 29

flexor

Back 29

flexes

Front 30

extensor

Back 30

extends

Front 31

elevator

Back 31

lifts

Front 32

tetanus

Back 32

painful spasms

Front 33

poliomyelitis

Back 33

weakness and paralysis

Front 34

tendon

Back 34

muscle to bone

Front 35

Epimysium/fascia

Back 35

outer first layer

Front 36

perimysium

Back 36

holds the bundles of muscle fibers and is the outer second layer

Front 37

fascicles

Back 37

muscles fibers

Front 38

endomysium

Back 38

inner third layer , has vessels and nerves

Front 39

sarcolemma

Back 39

surrounds muscle cell

Front 40

transverse tubules

Back 40

cell membrane wrap around

Front 41

mucle cell/fiber

Back 41

elongated/more than 1 nucleus

Front 42

SR

Back 42

surrounds myofibrils and contains calcium

Front 43

myofibrils

Back 43

long cylindricals structures within muscle cell

Front 44

sarcomeres

Back 44

unit of myofibrils, extends Z to Z, arragement of contractile proteins "think and thick filaments"

Front 45

thin filaments

Back 45

have actin and T-T

Front 46

myosin heads

Back 46

lie between the thin and thick, binding site for actin

Front 47

1 sacromeres, 2 sarcolemma, 3 myofibrils, 4 tranverse tubeles, 5 endomysium, 6 myosin heads, 7 fasicicles, 8 thin filaments, 9 epimysium/fascia, 10 muscle cell, 11 SR, 12 perimysium

Back 47

9, 12, 7, 5, 2, 4, 10, 11, 3, 1, 8, 6

Front 48

muscles pull or push?

Back 48

pull

Front 49

shortens because ______ shortens and thin and thick filaments _________ each other.

Back 49

sarcomere, slide past

Front 50

Contraction (2)

Back 50

1) con.app. stimulated, myosin heads make contact with actin forming bridges 2)myosin head rotates pulling actin in center of sacromere, causes slideing (sacromere shortens)

Front 51

Relaxation

Back 51

bridges are broken and calcium returns to SR, (sarcomere lengthens)

Front 52

ATP

Back 52

helps myosin heads and breaks bridges but only if calcium is present

Front 53

Calcium

Back 53

stored in SR, starts muscle contraction with Actin, myosin and ATP

Front 54

3 Muscles attachments

Back 54

1) tendon - muscle to bone 2) muscle attach without tendon 3) aponeurosis - fascia attaches muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

Front 55

Contraction is first stimulated by a

Back 55

somatic motor nerve

Front 56

motor nerves are made of

Back 56

motor nuerons

Front 57

motor nerves emerge from the

Back 57

spine

Front 58

a branch of motor neuron and is a muscle fiber

Back 58

motor unit

Front 59

muscles have many

Back 59

neurons and units

Front 60

strenght of a muscle depends on

Back 60

number of neurons stimulated

Front 61

recruitment

Back 61

axtivating a muscle by adding units

Front 62

whole muscle

Back 62

varys

Front 63

single muscle

Back 63

all or nothing

Front 64

NMJ

Back 64

motor neuron meets muscle

Front 65

ACh travels in

Back 65

vesicles

Front 66

8 objects of a tranmission signal to muscle

Back 66

1) electrical signal 2)motor neuron 3)vesicles 4) ACh 5) NMJ 6)receptor sites 7) muscle fiber 8) ATC

Front 67

4 steps of the transfer of information to the neuron to muscle

Back 67

1) electrical signal moves along neuron and the pouches called vesicles have neurotransmitters called ACh 2) Ach fuses with membrane and released into the NMJ 3)Ach binds to receptor sites 4) ACh stimulates receptors and causes an electral signal to develope along the muscle membrane then releases and is destroyed by an enzyme

Front 68

The enzyme that kills the ACh

Back 68

acetylcholinesterase

Front 69

The signal given by ACh triggers

Back 69

a series of events in muscle contraction and stimulates SR

Front 70

Mysathenia gravis

Back 70

effects receptor sites and extreme muscle weakness

Front 71

Curare

Back 71

is a skeletal muscle blocker drug, used during surgery so muscles relaxe, blocks receptors

Front 72

Nerotoxins

Back 72

disrupt normal function of nervous system

Front 73

Clostridium tetani

Back 73

causes excessive firing of motor nerve , muscle spasms (tetanus)

Front 74

Clostridium botulinum

Back 74

food poisioning, prevents ACh and becomes paralyzed

Front 75

twitch

Back 75

single ecteric stimilus to muscle

Front 76

TETANUS

Back 76

sustained muscle contacrtion, maintains posture

Front 77

tonus

Back 77

muscle tone, normal state of muscle contraction

Front 78

ATP is consumed by contracting muscle in 3 ways

Back 78

1) metabolism of creatine phosphate 2) glycolysis 3)Aeroblic

Front 79

metabolism of creatine phospate

Back 79

stored ATP and creatine phospate, body will use it for quick ATP

Front 80

Glycolysis

Back 80

chemcial reactions that breakdown glucoce anaerobically to produce ATP

Front 81

Aerobic ATP

Back 81

uses oxygen and p.acid and enters mitochondria and produces large amounts of ATP

Front 82

denervation atrophy

Back 82

nerves in muscles are damaged

Front 83

senile atrophy

Back 83

people get old and cant work out as much

Front 84

Frontalis

Back 84

covers forhead, raises eyebrows

Front 85

Levator palpebrae superioris

Back 85

eyelid

Front 86

buccinator

Back 86

cheeck, trumpeters muscle, whistling and chewing help

Front 87

Zygomaticus

Back 87

cheeckbone, smileing

Front 88

platysma cannot be seen

Back 88

long neck muscle below high cheeckbone, pouting muscle and opening mouth

Front 89

Temporalis

Back 89

chewing muscle,

Front 90

Masseter

Back 90

lower jaw, chewing muscle, strongest muscle

Front 91

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 91

rotates and flexes head

Front 92

Trapezius

Back 92

extends head up , maintains spine

Front 93

scalenes (3) cannot be seen

Back 93

on vertebrea and ribs, acts with neck flexer muscle

Front 94

external and internal intercostals

Back 94

located between ribs, externals extends and internal decreases inward

Front 95

diaphragm

Back 95

breathing chief muscle

Front 96

Abdominal wall muscles function

Back 96

compresses abdomin and aids in bowels, birth, breathing, flex and rotation of vertebral column

Front 97

Erector spinae

Back 97

flexes spine,rotates head, maintains posture

Front 98

illiopsoas cannot be seen

Back 98

flexes spine

Front 99

serratus anterior

Back 99

lowers shoulder and moves arm forward

Front 100

pectoralis major

Back 100

adducts and rotates arm , flexs and extends arm

Front 101

latissimus dorsi

Back 101

adducts and rotates arm behind the back "swimmer"

Front 102

Deltoid

Back 102

abducts the arm

Front 103

rotator cuff muscles function

Back 103

adduct, extend, rotate arm at shoulder, cuff stabalizes shoulder joint

Front 104

teres major

Back 104

adducts arm at shoulder

Front 105

biceps brachii

Back 105

flexes and supinates forearm

Front 106

triceps brachii

Back 106

extends arms at shoulder "boxer"

Front 107

brachialis and brachioradialis

Back 107

flexes forearms at elbow

Front 108

supinator

Back 108

supinates forearm

Front 109

pronator teres

Back 109

pronates forearm do palm faces downward or backward

Front 110

ad

Back 110

toward

Front 111

ab

Back 111

away

Front 112

duction

Back 112

to lead

Front 113

myo

Back 113

muscle

Front 114

patho

Back 114

disease

Front 115

y

Back 115

process or condition

Front 116

cyte

Back 116

cell

Front 117

peri

Back 117

around

Front 118

osteon

Back 118

bone

Front 119

syn

Back 119

together

Front 120

erg

Back 120

to work

Front 121

artho

Back 121

joint

Front 122

algia

Back 122

pain

Front 123

itis

Back 123

inflammation

Front 124

burs

Back 124

bursa (fluid sac)

Front 125

lux

Back 125

to dislocate

Front 126

ation

Back 126

condition or state

Front 127

fibro

Back 127

fiber

Front 128

myelo

Back 128

bone marrow

Front 129

oma

Back 129

tumor

Front 130

dys

Back 130

painful

Front 131

troph

Back 131

nourishment

Front 132

plaso

Back 132

formation

Front 133

malacia

Back 133

softening

Front 134

por/os

Back 134

pore / passage

Front 135

fasci

Back 135

fascia

Front 136

rhabd

Back 136

rod shape/striated

Front 137

lysis

Back 137

breakdown

Front 138

carpi group

Back 138

humerus and ulna, hand at wrist

Front 139

digitorium group

Back 139

humerous ulna and radius

Front 140

G. maximus

Back 140

laterally rotates hips

Front 141

G. medius and minimus

Back 141

rotates thigh medially, medius = injections

Front 142

illiopsoas

Back 142

, flexes and rotates thigh

Front 143

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 143

flexes and abducts hip

Front 144

adductors (function)

Back 144

medially rotates thighs "horseback"

Front 145

gracilis

Back 145

flexes leg at knee

Front 146

pectineus

Back 146

adducts and flexes thigh at hip

Front 147

Quadicepts (function)

Back 147

extend leg to knee "kicking"

Front 148

Sartorius

Back 148

sit in crossed position

Front 149

Hamstrings (function)

Back 149

flex leg at knee and extend thigh, antagonis to quadicepts

Front 150

Tibialis anterior

Back 150

dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Front 151

peroneus longus

Back 151

supports arch, plantar and eversion

Front 152

gastrocnemius

Back 152

plantar, toe dancer, flexes leg at knee

Front 153

SOLEUS

Back 153

PLANTAR