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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of muscles |
~produce movement ~maintain posture ~stabilize joints ~create heat |
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Circumduction |
The circular movement of an appendage, such as the arms, legs, or head |
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Origin |
The muscle attachment site that does not move during a muscle contraction. Usually proximal to the body compared to the insertion |
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3 types of muscle tissue |
Smooth Skeletal Cardiac |
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Sarcolemma |
Specialized plasma membrane |
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Myofibrils |
long organelles inside muscle cell |
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sarcoplasmic reticulum |
specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Myofibrils |
are aligned to give distinct bands contains only thin filaments |
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sarcomere |
contractor unit of a muscle fiber |
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Organization of the Sacromere |
Myofilaments thick filaments thin filaments |
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Thick filaments |
myosin filaments |
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thin filaments |
action filaments |
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Thick Filaments- myosin filaments |
Composed of the protein myosin Has ATPase enzymes Myosin filaments have heads (extensions or cross bridges) Myosin/ action overlap somewhat |
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Thin Filaments- actin filaments |
composed of the protein actin anchored to the Z disc |
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At rest there is a bare zone that lacks actin filaments. |
H Zone |
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum(SR) |
stores and releases calcium surround the myofibril |
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muscles |
responsible for all types of body movements |
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Three basic muscle types are found in the body |
skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle |
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Skeletal/smooth muscle cells are elongated |
muscle fiber |
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contration of muscles is due to: |
movement of microfilaments |
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muscle terminology |
myo-muscle sarco-flesh |
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skeletal muscle characteristics: |
most are attached by tendons to bons |
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cells |
multinucleate |
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striated |
visible banding |
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voluntary |
subject to conscious control |
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connective tissue |
wrapping of skeletal muscle cells are surround by it |
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Endomysium |
encloses a single muscle fiber |
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Perimysium |
wraps around a fascicle of muscle fibers |
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Epimysium |
covers the entire skeletal muscle |
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Fascia |
on the outside of the epimysium |
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Frontails |
raises eyebrows |
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orbicularis oculi: |
Blinks and closes eyes |
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Orbicularis oris |
closes and protrudes lips |
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Temporalis |
closes jaw |
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zygomaticus |
raises corner of mouth |
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masseter |
closes jaw |
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buccinator |
compresses cheeks as in whistling and sucking, holds food between teeth during chewing |
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sternocleidomastiod |
flexes neck; rotates head |
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platysma |
pulls corners of mouth inferiorly |
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pectoralis major |
adducts and flexes vertebral column |
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external oblique |
flexes and rotates vertebral column |
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biceps brachii |
flexes and rotates vertebral column |
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brachialis |
flexes elbow |
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deltoid |
abducts arm |
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Iliopsas |
flexes hip |
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adductor |
adduct thigh |
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sartiorius |
flexes thigh on hip |
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quadriceps group |
all extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh |
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tibialis anterior |
dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
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Extensor digitorum longus |
extends toes and dorsiflexes foot |
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fibularis muscles |
plantar flex and evert foot |
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trapezuis |
extends neck and adducts scapula |
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latissumus |
extends and adducts humerus |
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erector spinae* |
extends back |
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quadratus lumborum |
flexes spine laterally; extends spine |
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deltoid |
abducts humerus |
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triceps brachii |
extends elbow |
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flexor carpi radialis |
flexes wrist and abducts hand |
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flexor carpi ulnaris |
flexes wrist and adducts hand |
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flexor digitorum superficialis |
flexes wrist and fingers |
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extensor carpi radialis |
extends wrist and abducts hand |
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extensor digitorum |
extends fingers and wrist |
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gluteus maximus |
extends hip (when forceful extension is required) |
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gluteus medius |
abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking |
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hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris) |
flex knee and extend hip |
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gastrocnemius |
plantar flexes foot and flexes knee |
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soleus |
plantar flexes foot |
