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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of 'CONTRACTILE TISSUE' in the body?
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"1. SMOOTH MUSCLE
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What are the 2 'RESPONSIBILITIES' for the 3 types of contractile tissue in the body?
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"1. MOVEMENT OF THE BODY
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(*3 THINGS)"
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"1. FORM STABILITY TO BODY
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What do 'SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS' release as an end product?
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"HEAT
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What muscle cells play a role in 'TEMPERATURE REGULATION'?
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SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
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What skin cells are all 3 'MUSCLE CELL TYPES' 'DERIVED' from and what are they 'COMPOSED' of?
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"1. DERIVED = MESODERM
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What is 'MYOGENIC' contraction defined as?
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SPONTANEOUS CONTRACTION
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What is 'NEUROGENIC' contraction defined as?
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INNERVATION CONTRACTION
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What are the 4 'CHARACTERISTICS' of 'SMOOTH MUSCLE'?
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"1. ELONGATED
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What are the 4 'CHARACTERISTICS' of 'CARDIAC MUSCLE'?
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"1. 'YES' CROSS STRIATIONS
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What are the 4 'CHARACTERISTICS' of 'SKELETAL MUSCLE'?
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"1. ELONGATED
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Where are they 'PRIMARILY LOCATED'?"
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"1. CONTRACTION OF INTERNAL ORGANS
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What 'MUSCLE TISSUE' is responsible for this?"
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"WHEN 'CARDIAC MUSCLE' TISSUE BIFURCATES AND JOINS ADJACENT FIBERS.
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Where are these located?"
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"INTEGRATED/UNIFIED CARDIAC CONTRACTION.
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What are the 4 'FUNCTIONS' of 'SKELETAL MUSCLES'?
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"1. MOVEMENT OF BONES
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Which type of 'MUSCLE TISSUE' makes up most of the muscles in the body?
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'SKELETAL MUSCLE'
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What is the only 'MUSCLE TISSUE' that is 'MULTINUCLEATED'?
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'SKELETAL MUSCLE'
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What 'MUSCLE TISSUE' does 'NOT' have 'CROSS STRIATIONS'?
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'SMOOTH MUSCLE'
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Under 'MUSCLE TERMINOLOGY' what is a 'MUSCLE CELL' called?
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MUSCLE FIBER
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Under 'MUSCLE TERMINOLOGY' what is the 'PLASMA MEMBRANE' called?
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MUSCLE SARCOLEMMA
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Under 'MUSCLE TERMINOLOGY' what is the 'CYTOPLASM' called?
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MUSCLE SARCOPLASM
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Under 'MUSCLE TERMINOLOGY' what is the 'ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM' called?
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SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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A 'MUSCLE FIBER' is broken down into 4 things. What is it broken down into from biggest to smallest?
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MUSCLE FIBER -> (MYOFIB)RILS -> (MYOFIL)AMENTS -> ACTIN/MYOSIN
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A 'MUSCLE FIBER' is defined as what?
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MANY SMALL/ROUND PARALLEL BUNDLES (100s-1000s) CALLED 'MYOFIBRILS'
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What are 'MYOFIBRILS' composed of?
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MYOFILAMANETS
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What are 'MYOFILAMENTS' composed of?
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"ACTIN (THIN)
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What parts of a 'MUSCLE FIBER' contain the 'CONTRACTILE PROTEINS'?
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MYOFILAMENTS
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(*THERE ARE 2 OF THEM)"
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"1. ACTIN
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What are the 2 'PROTEINS' that are associated with 'ACTIN' called?
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"1. TROPONIN
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'CONTRACTILE PROTEINS' are arranged into 'COMPARTMENTS'. What are these called?
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SARCOMERES
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A 'SARCOMERE' has both 'dark' and 'light' striations. What are these caused by?
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ARRANGEMENT OF 'ACTIN' AND 'MYOSIN'.
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The 'DARK BANDS' in a 'SARCOMERE' are called what?
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A-BANDS (ANISOTROPIC)
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The 'LIGHT BANDS' in a 'SARCOMERE' are called what?
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I-BANDS (ISOTROPIC)
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THE 'I-BAND' CONTAINS 'BOTH' ACTIN/MYOSIN."
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"FALSE
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THE 'A-BAND' CONTAINS 'BOTH' ACTIN/MYOSIN."
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"TRUE
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The 'LIGHTER CENTRAL REGION' of the 'SARCOMERE' is called what?
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H-ZONE
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What are the 3 'CHARACTERISTICS' of the 'H-ZONE'?
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"1. LIGHTER 'CENTRAL' REGION THAT IS CONNECTED TO THE 'A-BAND'
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Which 'BANDS' of the 'SARCOMERE' are 'BISECTED' by 'Z-LINES'?
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I-BANDS
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What are the 3 'CHARACTERISTICS' of 'Z-LINES'?
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"1. AREA WHERE 'ACTIN' FILAMENTS OF ADJACENET SARCOMERES JOIN
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DURING 'MUSCLE CONTRACTION', ACTIN AND MYOSIN CHANGE IN LENGTH."
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"FALSE
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(*3 THINGS)"
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"1. ACTIN PULLED OVER MYOSIN
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DARK BAND"
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A-BAND (ANISOTROPIC)
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Which 'AREAS' of 'MUSCLE CELL' line up?
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DARK AREA & LIGHT AREA
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LIGHT BAND"
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H-ZONE
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LIGHT BAND"
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I-BAND (ISOTROPIC)
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When 'MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS' occur what type of 'MYOFILAMENT' is created?
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THIN MYOFILAMENT
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(*2 THINGS)"
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"1. SINGLE MOTOR NEURON
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Can the muscle fibers in a 'MOTOR UNIT' vary?
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YES
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(APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY MUSCLES FIBERS ARE THERE)"
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"MUSCLES CONCERNED WITH 'FINE', 'GRADED' AND 'PRECISE MOVEMENT'.
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What types of muscles 'many' 'MUSCLE FIBERS PER MOTOR UNIT'?
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LARGE MUSCLES OF THE BACK = ~120-500 FIBERS/UNIT
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What is a 'MYONEURAL JUNCTION'?
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AXON OF A 'MOTOR NEURON'
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(*3 THINGS)"
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"1. LOSES 'MYELIN SHEATH FROM 'MOTOR NEURON'
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What 'NEUROTRANSMITTER' is released?"
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"MANY SMALL, CLEAR VESICLES
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(*SIMILAR TO SYNAPSE)"
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"1. ACTION POTENTIAL TRIGGERS ENTRY/RELEASE OF 'CALCIUM' INTO THE TERMINAL.
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What are the 'DIFFERENCES' between a 'SYNAPSE' and a 'MYONEURAL JUNCTION'?
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"1. SYNAPSE = JUNCTION BETWEEN 2 NEURONS
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A 'MYONEURAL JUNCTION' IS ALWAYS 'EXCITATORY' AND NEVER 'INHIBITORY'"
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"TRUE
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In a 'MYONEURAL JUNCTION', what triggers the 'exocytosis' or 'release' of 'ACETYLCHOLINE' from the vesicles?
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CALCIUM
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'ACTIN FILAMENTS' are composed of what 3 molecules?
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"1. ACTIN
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What does 'G-ACTIN' stand for?
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GLOBULAR ACTIN
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What are 'GLOBULAR ACTIN' (G-ACTIN) molecules arranged into?
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FIBROUS ACTIN (F-ACTIN)
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What is 'FIBROUS ACTIN' (F-ACTIN)?
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DOUBLE SPHERICAL CHAINS OF 'G-ACTIN'
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(*THERE ARE 3)"
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"1. LONG, THREAD-LIKE MOLECULES
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How many 'G-ACTIN' subunits does one molecule of 'TROPOMYOSIN' cover?
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7 'G-ACTIN' (GLOBULAR ACTIN) MOLECULES
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What are the 'CHARACTERISTICS' of 'TROPONIN' molecules?
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"1. SMALL OVAL-SHAPED MOLECULE
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What are the 3 subunits of 'TROPONIN'?
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"1. TROPONIN-I
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What is the function of the 'TROPONIN' subunit 'TROPONIN-I'?
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BINDS TO ACTIN
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What is the function of the 'TROPONIN' subunit 'TROPONIN-T'?
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"BINDS TO TROPOMYOSIN
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What is the function of the 'TROPONIN' subunit 'TROPONIN-C'?
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"BINDS CALCIUM (INITIATES CONTRACTION)
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Is 'ACTIN' thick or thin?
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THIN
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Is 'MYOSIN' thick or thin?
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THICK
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The 'MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGE' has 2 binding sites. What are they?
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"1. ACTING BINDING SITE
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'MYOSIN FILAMENTS' (thick myofilaments) are composed of what 2 'COMPONENTS'?
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"1. LIGHT 'MEROMYOSIN' (LMM)
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What is the characteristic of 'LIGHT MEROMYOSIN' (LMM) filameNts?
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MAKE UP THE 'RODLIKE' BACKBONE OF THE 'MYOSIN' FILAMENTS
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(*THERE ARE 2)"
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"FROM SHORTER GLOBULAR LATERAL 'CROSS BRIDGES' (HEADS)
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The 'SEQUENCE OF EVENTS' in 'MUSCLE CONTRACTION' can be summed up in what type of mechanism?
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'SLIDING-FILAMENT' MECHANISM
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The 'CROSS BRIDGES' of 'MYOSIN HEADS' are made of what?
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HEAVY MEROMYOSIN (HMM)
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During 'CONTRACTION' what is pulled over what?
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'ACTIN' PULLED OVER 'MYOSIN'
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Where are 'CALCIUM IONS' released during contraction of a muscle?
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TERMINAL CISTERNAE
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What is unique about the release of 'CALCIUM IONS' in 'MUSCLE CONTRACTION'?
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"AROUND 10x MORE THAN IS NEEDED TO INITIATE CONTRACTION IN MUSCLE IS RELEASED
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What does this cause to happen?"
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"TROPONIN-C
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What do 'MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGES' bind to?
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ACTIN
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When the 'MYOSIN HEAD' tilts due to a 'conformational change'. What is this also called?
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"'POWER STROKE' DUE TO 'SARCOMERE SHORTENING'
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(*2 THINGS)"
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"'ATP' CAN BIND TO HMM (MYOSIN HEAD)
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What molecule causes the 'CROSS-BRIDGES' (MYOSIN HEADS) to detach from the 'ACTIN' binding site?
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"ATP
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After a 'POWER STROKE' and after 'ATP' has detached 'MYOSIN HEAD' from 'ACTIN'. If 'CALCIUM IONS' are present in the muscle tissue, what will happen?
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ANOTHER 'POWER STROKE' WILL BE PRODUCED
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During a single 'MUSCLE CONTRACTION', the sliding filament process occurs only once."
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"FALSE
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What does it do?"
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"'SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM'
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Without 'CALCIUM IONS' in the 'SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM', what happens?
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"NO 'MUSCLE CONTRACTION' CAN OCCUR
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