Mus112A - Sp13 - Exam 4 - Lourdes University

Front 1

Lieder

Back 1

German Art songs

Front 2

Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky

Back 2

(1840-1893) Russian cosmopolitain composer who composed "Romeo and Juliet", one of the most popular overtures written in the romantic era,

Front 3

Art song

Back 3

a musical setting of a poem for solo voice and piano

Front 4

Through-composed form

Back 4

A term applied to songs in which new music is used for each successive verse

Front 5

Modified-strophic form

Back 5

A song structure that varies the regularity of the repeated melodies of strophic form by having some verses sung to a new melody

Front 6

Verismo

Back 6

"Realism". An Italian operatic point of view favoring realistic subjects taken from everyday, often lower-class life

Front 7

Bel canto

Back 7

"Beautiful song." A vocal technique emphasizing beauty and purity of tone and agility in executing various ornamental details.

Front 8

Robert Schumann

Back 8

(1810-1856) Romantic German composer remembered for his songs and song cycles; Prolific composer best known for song cycles "Frauenliebe und Leben," piano music including character pieces such as "Carnaval," concertos and four symphonies.

Front 9

Clara Wieck Schumann

Back 9

(1819-1896) Wife of Robert Schumann, talented German concert pianist. Her compositions include lieder, solo piano music, one piano concerto, and chamber music.

Front 10

Song Cycles

Back 10

A series of art songs that tell a story or are otherwise related to one another

Front 11

Franz Schubert

Back 11

(1797-1828) Austrian composer best known for more than 600 lieder including "Erlkonig," song cycles "Die Schone Mullerin" and "Winterreise" chamber works including "Trout" piano quintet and his eighth "unfinished" symphony

Front 12

Franz Liszt

Back 12

(1811-1886) Hungarian virtuoso performer and composer known for solo piano music (including six Transcendental Etudes, transcriptions of songs such as "Erlkonig", and Sonata in B Minor) two piano concertos, and symphonic poems for orchestra including Les Preludes

Front 13

Frank Chopin

Back 13

(1810-1849) A polish composer best known for solo piano music including nocturnes, etudes, preludes, polonaises (based on a Polish dance), mazurkas (based on a Polish dance), waltzes (including "Minuet Waltz") and two piano concertos

Front 14

Impressionism

Back 14

Captures visual impressions rather than the literal of a subject, Example: Monet; A late nineteenth century artistic movement that sought to capture the visual impression rather than the literal reality of a subject. Also, in music, a style belonging primarily to Debussy, characterized by an emphasis on mood and atmosphere, sensuous tone colors, elegance, and beauty of sound.

Front 15

Symbolism

Back 15

Experimentation of rhythm, sound, clustering of image to suggest emotions, poetry not music; A subtle French poetic style from the late nineteenth century that stressed the sound and color of the words and suggested rather than clearly outlined the meaning or story behind the text

Front 16

Neoclassicism

Back 16

In music of the early twentieth century, philosophy that musical composition should be approached with objectivity and restraint. Neoclassical composers were attracted to the textures and forms of the baroque and classical periods

Front 17

Primitivism

Back 17

In music, the use of frenzied, irregular rhythms and percussive effects to evoke a feeling of primitive power, as in Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring"

Front 18

Expressionism

Back 18

An artistic school of the early twentieth century that attempted to represent the psychological and emotional experience of modern humanity

Front 19

20th/21st century musical rhythm

Back 19

Mixed meters, shifted accents irregular divisions of beats

Front 20

20th/21st century musical melody

Back 20

Wide range, angular, atonal or bi-tonal, short motives

Front 21

20th/21st century musical counterpoint

Back 21

Again important, dissonant, independent lines

Front 22

20th/21st century musical harmony

Back 22

Tension vs. repose, tone clusters, foreign tones, dissonance!

Front 23

20th/21st century musical tonality

Back 23

Vague, bi-tonality, atonality, 12-tone, serialism

Front 24

20th/21st century musical orchestration

Back 24

Exploitation of colors and combinations of instruments

Front 25

20th/21st century musical technology

Back 25

The electronic age, records, recording, new media, amplification

Front 26

20th/21st century musical women

Back 26

Many composers, teachers, performers and conductors

Front 27

Culture of the Romantic Era

Back 27

Revolutionary aftermath
Rejection of Classical Reason
Success of the individual/heroes
Parliamentary Democracies-France, Germany, Italy
Nationalism (Reaction to Napoleonic Wars)
Advances in technology, medicine, agriculture

Front 28

Philosophy of the Romantic Era

Back 28

Power of the Individual (Subjective NOT objective)
Love of nature, the exotic, mysterious, unfamiliar, even occult & diabolical
Passionate, sensuous, exciting
Beginning of women's rights
Patronage system dies ("starving artists")

Front 29

The Salon

Back 29

Literary or musical gatherings that upper-class people and the aristocracy held in their homes

Front 30

Character pieces

Back 30

Works portraying a single mood, emotion, or idea

Front 31

Etude

Back 31

A study piece concentrating on a single technical problem

Front 32

Mazurka

Back 32

In romantic music, a small piano piece based on the Polish dance form. Prominent in the works of Chopin.

Front 33

Nocturne

Back 33

A "night piece" that is gentle and reflective

Front 34

Polonaise

Back 34

In romantic music, a small piano piece based on the Polish dance form

Front 35

Tone poem/Symbolic powm

Back 35

A single-movement programmatic work, relatively long and very free in form, usually involving a dramatic plot or literary idea.

Front 36

Romantic Piano Musical Characteristics & Development

Back 36

-Virtuosos-Superstars
-Composers are also performers, conductors, teachers & music critics (More women are famous)
-Piano!! The most popular new instrument (The "Home entertainment system!")
-Contrasts & contradictions: long symphonies & operas, short songs & piano character pieces
-Beautiful melodies & enriched harmonies
-The orchestra grows!-Bigger concert halls
-Radical & new vs Traditions: new forms develop from classical forms

Front 37

Des irae

Back 37

"Day of Wrath" A chant melody from the Middle Ages that represents death in music

Front 38

Program symphony

Back 38

A symphony with a story line or other type of program

Front 39

Thematic trasformations

Back 39

The practice of varying a single theme or melody through the different sections of a piece; this procedure was used especially in romantic tone poems

Front 40

Hector Berlioz

Back 40

(1803-1869) Born in La Cote St-Andre, France; dies at the age of 65 in Paris. Best known for program symphonies including Symphonie fantastic, Harold en italie, and Romeo et Juliette, Messe des morts (Requiem mass) and the grand opera Les Troyens (The Trojans)

Front 41

Idee fixe

Back 41

A single, recurring motive; for example, in Berlioz's Symphony fantastique, a musical idea representing the hero's beloved that recurs throughout that piece

Front 42

Richard Strauss

Back 42

(1864-1949) An important composer of program music

Front 43

Bedrich Smetana

Back 43

(1824-1884) Born in Litmysl, Bohemia; died at the age of 60 in Prague; Best known for "The Molda," which is one of six symphonic poems in Ma Vlast and the opera The Bartered Bride

Front 44

Incidental Music

Back 44

Music written to accompany a play

Front 45

Concert Overture

Back 45

A one-movement self contained orchestral concert piece, often in sonata form

Front 46

Felix Mendelssohn

Back 46

(1809-1847) Born in Hamburg, Germany; died at 38 in Leipzig, Germany; A prolific composer best known for Violin Concerto in E Minor, incidental music for A midsummer Night's Dream, five symphonies, including no. 3 "italian" and no. 4 "Scottish", and the oratorio Elijah; Brother of pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel

Front 47

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel

Back 47

(1805-1847) Born in Hamburg, Germany; died at the age of 41 in Berlin, Germany; Best known for lieder (songs) and the choral works in Gatenlieder; Sister of composer Felix Mendelssohn

Front 48

Triplet

Back 48

Three notes fitted into the time in which only two of those notes would normally fit

Front 49

Cyclical Form

Back 49

When a composer brings back a theme or motive from the first or second movement in the later movements of a symphony, etc. (like Beethoven does with his short-short-short-long motive in Symphony #5)

Front 50

Antonin Dvorak

Back 50

(1841-1904) Born in Nelahozeves, Bohemia; died at the age of 62 in Prague; Prolific composer, best known for his Symphony no. 9, From the New World concertos for violin and cello, Slavonic Dances for orchestra, and many string quartets and other chamber music