Exam 3

Front 1

If a vocal section is repeated in Baroque music, what was typically done to the melody to make it more interesting?

Back 1

Embellish repeated parts with extra notes

Front 2

What is chamber music and where is it meant to be performed?

Back 2

Meant to be performed in a small room at private gathering of friends, usually has 9 or fewer parts, one performer per part.

Front 3

What is the form of Revenge by Barbara Strozzi?

Back 3

ABAB

Front 4

What instruments /voices is Revenge by Barbara Strozzi written for?

Back 4

Singer, 2 violins, basso continuo, (cello and lute)

Front 5

As a female musician, what couldn't you do during this time period?

Back 5

You couldn't be appreciated as a composer

Front 6

What is a concerto?

Back 6

An instrumental work for a soloist and a larger ensemble

Front 7

What instruments is The Four Seasons (Winter) by Antoni Vivaldi written for?

Back 7

Solo violin, string orchestra, and basso continuo

Front 8

What is a movement and how many does "Winter" have?

Back 8

3 (fast slow fast), a movement is a smaller chapter of a concerto

Front 9

What is program music?

Back 9

An instrumental work that is in some way associated with an external story, event, or idea

Front 10

What is the basic characteristic of ritornello form?

Back 10

A series of sections alternating between the soloist(s) and the orchestra

Front 11

What does "tutti" mean

Back 11

All/everyone plays

Front 12

What are some specific example of how Vivaldi relates the music and the accompanying text?

Back 12

High pitched violin to remind one of teeth chattering and softly played violin to represent the oncoming cold, solo violin/virtuosic to represent the wind gusting.

Front 13

What was the goal of homophonic texture?

Back 13

It was easier to understand the text and restored balance between text and music

Front 14

What two types of instruments are in a basso continuo?

Back 14

Cello, bassoon

Front 15

What is an aria?

Back 15

Character pauses to reflect. Musically elaborate, often virtuosic, accompaniment doesn't overshadow the singer.

Front 16

What is a Recitative?

Back 16

Moves the action along a speaking style of singing. Not very elaborate musically, words projected clearly, simple accompaniment.

Front 17

What is a Chorus?

Back 17

Polyphonic texture; comment on the action, reflect emotion, etc.

Front 18

Give some examples of word painting and explain how they are used in Orpheus Act III by Claudio Monteverdi.

Back 18

The notes get lower as he sings "deepest depths", the notes get higher as he sings "stars again" the notes are shorter and flighty when "flies away" is sung

Front 19

How are the old and new styles of music used in Orpheus by Claudio Monteverdi?

Back 19

The solos are the homophonic texture (new), but the chorus is sung in polyphonic texture (old)

Front 20

What are the two purposes of an overture?

Back 20

Gets the audience ready and to introduce the audience to the musical themes that will be heard throughout the opera

Front 21

What is ostinato?

Back 21

A repeated pattern in the bass

Front 22

Why are operas originally written in other languages usually never translated into English?

Back 22

Because that was their language of origin, and it was only acceptable to keep it in that style. Plus, things can get messed up in translation.

Front 23

How do the units in Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell fit in with the Doctrine of Affections?

Back 23

He splits them up into different sections in order to express one emotion at a time, as the Doctrine of Affection deems appropriate.

Front 24

What English word doe "fugue" share its origins with?

Back 24

Fugitave

Front 25

What type of texture does a fugitive have

Back 25

Thick polyphonic

Front 26

What is a subject?

Back 26

onger note values that gets more notes added in?

Front 27

What is fugal exposition?

Back 27

all voices perform the subject for the first time

Front 28

What are middle entries?

Back 28

When the subject returns

Front 29

What are episodes?

Back 29

Sections of the piece in which no voice is playing the subject

Front 30

What instrument was Fugue in G Minor by Johann Sebastian Bach written to b performed on and why was it so popular during the Baroque era?

Back 30

Organ, because of its size, power, and variety of tones.

Front 31

What is a transcription?

Back 31

Take the same notes and tweak them so other instruments can play them

Front 32

The Hallelujah Chorus is from what larger work?

Back 32

Messiah by George Frideric Handel

Front 33

What is an oratorio and why were they written?

Back 33

An opera without staging, set, or costumes. They were written because actual operas were deemed too frivolous during certain seasons, according to the church. Oratorios are on more sacred topics.

Front 34

What are some examples of word painting in Messiah by George Frideric Handel during the recitative?

Back 34

Heaven is sung higher, laugh is sung lower with extra notes to sound like actual laughter.

Front 35

What are some examples of word painting in Messiah by George Frideric Handel during the aria?

Back 35

"broken," "dashed," "potters wheel" repeats the words many times including melismas on key phrases and words.

Front 36

List the textures that are used in the Hallelujah Chorus

Back 36

Beginning Hallelujah homophonic, "For the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth" monophonic, polyphonic when texts are combined.