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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tone cluster
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adjacent notes played simultaneously
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Charles Ives (biography)
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- born in Danbury, CT; father = bandmaster
- church organist by 13, later choirmaster - majored in music at Yale, graduated w/D+ average - sold insurance, composed at night |
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Ives' 5 innovations
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1) quarter-tone music
2) polytonality/atonality 3) tone clusters 4) polymeters/polyrhythms 5) 12-tone melodies |
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Where did Ives get his melodies?
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1) American folk songs
2) Stephen Foster songs 3) contemporary pop songs, including ragtime 4) hymn tunes 5) patriotic music |
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Ives' compositions
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"Songs My Mother Taught Me"
"Tom Sails Away" "Three Places in New England" "Holiday Symphony" |
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Aaron Copland
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- started comp career in jazzy expressionism; dabbled in 12-tone
- 3 ballets: "Rodeo," "Billy the Kid," "Appalachian Spring" - also composed score for "Red Pony" |
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George Gershwin
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- started as "song plugger" - 15yo; one of few Am comps to make $$$
- "Rhapsody in Blue," "An American in Paris," "Porgy and Bess" |
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Leonard Bernstein
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-1st American-born conductor of the NY Philharmonic
- "West Side Story," "Chichester Psalms" |
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what is "new music"?
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music since 1950; intellectual, experimental, abstract
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aleatoric music
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"chance" music; either composed using chance, or left up to the performer to interpret
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John Cage
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- began as percussion composer
- elimiate rules - everything is music - invented the prepared piano "Imaginary Landscapes," "4'33''," "HPSCHD," "Sonatas for Prepared Piano" |
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Who used sound mass and tone clusters?
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Penderecki
"Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima" |
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types of electronic music
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1) musique concrete - recording live sounds and editing the tape
2) synthesized music - Robert Moog 3) computer music - looping, sampling, new sounds! |
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minimalist composers
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Terry Riley, Phillip Glass, John Adams, Steve Reich
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Terry Riley
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"In C"
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Phillip Glass
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"Opening," score for "Koyaanisqatsi," some music for "Sesame St"
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John Adams
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"Short Ride in a Fast Machine," "Nixon in China"(opera), "The Chairman Dances"
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Steve Reich
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"It's Gonna Rain," "Different Trains," "Electric Counterpoint"
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20th century female composers
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Joan Tower; Ellen Zwilich, Libby Larsen
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six kinds of jazz
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ragtime
dixieland swing bebop modern/cool jazz free jazz |
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ragtime
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stride LH, syncopated RH
Scott Joplin, "Maple Leaf Rag" and his opera, "Treemonisha" |
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dixieland
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"New Orleans jazz" - more syncopation, smaller ensembles
Jelly Roll Morton's version of "Maple Leaf Rag" King Oliver Band - "Dippermouth Blues" Louis Armstrong - scat singing, "West End Blues" |
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swing
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only 1 person improvs at a time
big band era - 30s (Count Basie - "Taxi War Dance," Duke - "Ko-Ko") Billie Holiday - "He's Funny That Way" |
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bebop
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smaller ensembles, fast playing
Charlie Parker: "Ko-Ko" Dizzy Gillespie |
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modern/"cool" jazz
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laid back, slower tempos; unusual harmonic structures
MJQ - "Django" (drums, bass, piano, vibes) Brubeck - "Take 5," "Unsquare Dance," "Blue Rondo alla Turk" Coltrane - "Alabama" Miles - "Boplicity" |
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free jazz
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anything goes.
Ornette Coleman - "Free Jazz" |
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"2 other types of jazz"
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jazz fusion - rock + jazz (Corea, Metheny)
third-string jazz - Gunther Schuller - jazz + classical |
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L: Ives
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General William Booth Enters Into Heaven
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L: Revueltas
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Sensemaya
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L: Copland
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Appalachian Spring
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L: Barber
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The Monk and His Cat
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L: Babbitt
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Philomel
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L: Adams
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Short Ride in a Fast Machine
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L: Sheng
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Seven Tunes Heard in China, No. 1, Seasons
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Elliott Carter
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new music comp who developed "metric modulation," where a transition is made from one tempo/meter to another using an intermediary stage that shares aspects of both
"Cello Sonata," "String Quartet No 2" |
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L: Cage
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Music of Changes, Book I
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