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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Smooth Muscle
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Walls of blood vessels, gut and respiratory tree, reproductive tract, involuntary
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Cardiac Muscle
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walls of the heart involuntary
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Skeletal Muscle
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Muscles attached to the skeleton, majority of muscles in the body...voluntary
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Fascia
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CT surrounding muscle and seperating muscles from eachother
*Connected to the Bone* Does leave the bone |
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Epimysium
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Dense CT that surrounds the entire muscle just deep to the fascia
*does not leave the muscle* |
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Perimysium
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CT that surrounds and seperates the facicles.
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Endolisium
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CT that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell)
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Structure of muscle fiber
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Myrofibrils- bundles of myofiliaments.
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Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
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Area where nerve approaches but doesnt touch the muscle to cause contraction of the muscle. (Study page)
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Function of Muscle
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contraction-movement
smooth-movement of blood, food, sperm. cardiac- movement of blood skeletal- movement of skeleton |
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Thermogenesis
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generation of heat
Atp->ADP->P->energy (work and heat) |
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Neurons
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Nerve cells
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Neuroglia
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Support cells for the neurons
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Function of Neuroglia
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Generate and conduct electrical impulses to the other cells- activation of functions of organs.
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Agonist
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the one muscle in a group of muscles that produces the most forceful movement
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Synergist
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help agonist
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Antagonist
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opposes the agonist & synergist
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Fasicles
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The bundles that muscle fibers are organized into
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Fascia
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CT enveloping, surrounding, and seperating muscles.
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Function of Abdominal Muscle
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compress and hold abdominal organs in place- help with lifting heavy objects during valsalva.
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Rotator Cuff
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4 muscles that stabilize shoulder by limiting the movement of that joint.
*Secures the head of the humerous within the glenoid fossa* |
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Muscles of the Forearm
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Anterior- Flexion (Medial Epicondyle)
Posterior- Extension (lateral epicondyle) |
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Lateral Epicondylitis
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Tennis Elbow
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Muscles that Move the Hip Joint
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Anterior- Flexion of the hip joint (Psoas Major & Illiacus)
Posterior- Extension of the hip joint (gluteus maximus) Lateral Muscle- Abduction of hip joint (tensor fascia latae Medial Muscles- adduction of hip joint (gracilis and adductor group) |
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Posterior Hip Muscle (Gluteus Maximus)
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Able to lift entire weight of the body
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Lateral Hip Muscle (Tensor fasciae latae)
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Allows knees to lock into place
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Medial Hip Muscles (Gracilis)
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Forces knees together
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Muscles that move knee joint
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Anterior- extension (sartorious & quadriceps)
Posterior- Flexion (Biceps femoris, smitendinosis, & seminmranosos) Lateral- Abduction (Tensor Faciae Latae) |
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Function of Cardiovascular System
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1-) Distributes nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to all cells in the body.
2-) Carries away metabolic wastes to the kidneys for excretion (urine) |
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CV System consists of five components
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1- Blood
2- Heart 3- Arteries (arterioles) 4- Veins (venuoles) 5- Capillaries |
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Vein
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Vessel that returns blood to the heart
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Capillaries
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Connect arteries to veins
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Arteries
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Carries blood away from the heart
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Capillaries (2)
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Site of metabolic exchange, cells of body and blood stream.
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Males have how many liters of blood (average)?
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5-6
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Females have how many liters of blood average?
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4-5
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Plasma is how much of the total composition of blood?
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55% of total blood volume
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Electrolytes
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sodium, chloride, and calcium
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Leaky Valve
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Heart Murmur
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How many valves of the heart?
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4 valves
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How many atrioventricular valves?
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2
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How many semilunar valves?
Located where? |
2-located in roof of ventricles
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What are cusps?
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white sheets of connective tissue. In the valves.
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Atrioventricular Valves (Right)
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Between right atrium and right ventricle- tricuspid valve
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Atrioventricular Valves (Left)
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Between left atrium and left ventricle- bicuspid valve
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Prolapsed Valve
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The tendinae attached to cusps breaks...causes death in two mintues.
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Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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right ventricle contracts forces blood through valve to pulmonary trunk
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Aorta Semilunar Valve
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left ventricle contracts forces blood to aorta through this valve
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Systole vs. Diastole
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contract vs. extract
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Where does heart get the O2 to supply it?
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Coronary Arteries-not the blood flowing through it.
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Atherosclerosis
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accumalation of fat on the inner walls of the arteries
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Angina
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when the coronary arteries become partially blocked...causes pain
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Myocardial Infarction
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When coronary arteries become significantly blocked.
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Formed Elements make up what percent of blood?
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45% of blood
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Red Blood Cells (rbc)
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*No nucleus
*Thin middle and thicker outer region *99.9% of all blood cells *only cell in the body w/o a nucleus |
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Hemoglobin
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*Single Protein
* 95% of the RBC *280 million molecules of Hb in each RBC *260 million in each drop |
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White Blood Cells
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*.1% of all blood cells (1 in 1000)
* Do have a nucleus *Bacterial Infection WBC count increases *Slightly larger than RBC's |
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Functions of White Blood Cells.
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*Engulf and destroy pathogens (bacteria)
*Suppress inflamation *Fight parasitic infections *Produce antibodies and provide immunity. |
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Platelets
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*Not cells
*involved in blood clotting *fragements of blood cells. |
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Pericardium
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A sac that covers and surrounds the heart
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Cardiac Tamponade
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innability of heart to recieve blood because of fluid build up in the pericardium cavity.
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3 Layers of Arteries and Veins
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1- Tunica Externa
2- Tunica Media 3- Tunica Intima |
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Tunica Externa
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Comprised of connective tissue
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Tunica Media
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Comprised of smooth muscle, determines diameter of blood vessel
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Tunica Intima
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Single layer of epithelial cells called endothelial cells- build up of fats
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Endothelial Cells
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Sometimes attract cholesterol causing atherosclerosis.
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Smooth Muscle (2)
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Involuntary
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Hypertension
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Involuntary muscle, doesnt like to relax
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Continuous Capillaries
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Most common type, very tight walls, found in the muscle, skin, lungs, and CNS.
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Fenestrated Capillaries
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walls have holes for fluid transport between interstitial fluid and blood, found in hormone secreting gland.
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Sinusoid Capillaries
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have relatively large holes, that allow for transport of blood cells (liver)
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CBA
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Collapse of a artery in the brain....causes a stroke
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Unpaired Arteries of Abdomen
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1- Celiac Trunk
2- Superior mesenteric 3- Inferior mesenteric |
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Distribution (Memorize order)
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Stomach
Duodenum Small Intestines Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Rectum |
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Internal Jugular (Vein)
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begins at jugular forament, drains blood from brain
Fuses with subclavian to form brachiocephlic |
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External Jugular (vein)
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drains blood from face and scalp
Drains into subclavian |
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Subscapularis
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Subscapular Fossa & Lesser Tubercle
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Supraspinatus
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Supraspinous fossa * Greater Tubercle
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Infraspinatus
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Infraspinus Fossa & Greater Tubercle
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Teres Minor
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Lateral Border of Scapula & Greater Tubercle
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Teres Major
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Inferior Angle of Scapula & Medial shaft of humerous
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