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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most coomon soft tissue tumor of childhood?
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Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Disease: pruritic erurption, commonly on skin flexures
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Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
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Disease: papules and plaques with silvery scalin, especially on knees and elbows, Auspitz sign
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Psoriasis
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What histological changes are present in psoriasis?
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Acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei still in stratum corneum), increased stratum spinosum, decreased stratum granulosum
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Disease: flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts, occur on head, trunk and extremities
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Seborrhoeic keratosis - common benign neoplasm of older persons
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How are melanocytes affected in albinism?
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Normal melanocyte number with decreased melanin pigmentation
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How are melanocytes affected in vitiligo?
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Decreased number of melanocytes result in irregular areas of complete depigmentation
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What is melasma?
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Hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy or OCP use
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Disease: highly contagious, honey-colored crusting
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Impetigo (caused by S. aureus or S. pyogenes)
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Disease: acute, painful spreading infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
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Cellulitis (caused by S. aureus or S. pyogenes)
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What causes necrotizing fasciitis?
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Anerobic bacteria and S. pyogenes (methane and CO2 production cause crepitus)
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Disease: fever, generalized erythematous rash with sloughin of upper layers of the epidermis, newborns and children
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Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS)
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What is the deepest layer staphlococcal scalded skin syndrome affects?
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Stratum granulosum
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What causes hairy leukoplakia?
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EBV, especially in HIV
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What does bullous pemphigoid affect?
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Hemidesmosomes in epidermal basement membrane, affects skin but spares oral mucosa
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What does the immunofluorescence show in bullous pemphigoid?
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Linear immunofluorescence below the epidermis
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What does pemphigous vulgaris affect?
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Desmosomes, affects skin and oral mucosa
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What does immunofluorescence show in pemphigous vulgaris?
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Immunofluorescence throughout the epidermis
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What kind of antibody is involved in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigous vulgaris?
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IgG antibody
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What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
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Pruritic papules and vesicles, deposits of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae; associated with celiac disease
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What is erythema multiforme?
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Red papules with pale central area caused by infections, drugs, cancers, and autoimmune disease
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Disease: fever, bulla formation, necrosis, sloughing of skin, separation of epidermis from dermis, can involve respiratory tract and GIT
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome, usually associated with ADRs, high mortality rate; if worse, think Toxic epidermal necrolysis
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Disease: pruitic, purple, polygonal papules, sawtooth infiltration of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
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Lichen planus
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Disaese: small, rough erythematous or brownish papules
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Actinic keratosis - premalignant lesions (SCC) caused by sun exposure
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What is acanthosis nigricans?
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Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum associated with hyperinsulinemia (eg: Cushing's disease, diabetes) and visceral malignancy; due to increased insulin stimulating skin growth and melanocytes
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Disease: ulcerative red lesion typically on hands and face, locally invasive, rarely metastasizes, kertain pearls on histology
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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What are risk factors of SCC?
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Excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
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Disease: rolled edges with central ulceration, pearly papules, locally invasive, almost never metastasizes, found in sun-exposed areas of the body
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Basal cell carcinoma
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What is tumor marker of melanoma?
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S-100
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What are the types of melanoma?
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1. Superficial spreading; 2. Lentigo maligna; 3. Nodular; 4. Acral lentiginous
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How does depth of invasion correspond to risk of melanoma metastasis?
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0.76 mm or less = no mets; > 1.7 mm = lymph node mets possible
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Disease: Herald path - single, oval-shaped scaly plaque on trunk --> followed days-wks later - papular eruption following Langers' lines in Christmas tree-like distribution, pruritic, spontaneously remits in 2-10 wks, possible link to drugs
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Pityriasis rosea
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