Msk: Lower Limb

Front 1

anatomy of the femur

Back 1

Head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, medial and lateral epicondyles and condyles

Front 2

leg nerves

Back 2

Sciatic runs along posterior aspect of thigh and divides into tibial and peroneal nerves

Front 3

leg vascular supply

Back 3

common femoral >> Superficial Femoral Artery and profunda
-SFA goes down and supplies lower leg
-Profunda supplies femoral head

Front 4

hip flexors

Back 4

Iliopsoas - inserts on lesser trochanter

Front 5

hip extensors

Back 5

gluteus maximus - from Ilium/thoracolumbar fascia/sacrum/coccyx and inserts on upper third of posterolateral femur and IT tract.
-innervated by Inferior gluteal nerve.
-hamstrings also extend hip

Front 6

inferior gluteal nerve

Back 6

-motor of gluteus maximus (hip extension)
-no sensory
-injured in hip dislocation, pelvic trauma
-trouble climbing stairs, getting up from chair. loss of hip extension

Front 7

hip adductors

Back 7

adductor longus/brevis/magnus, gracilis
-obturator nerve

Front 8

hip abductors

Back 8

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus; originate at outer wing of ilium and insert on greater trochanter of femur
-innervated by Sup Gluteal Nerve

Front 9

S. Gluteal nerve

Back 9

-motor: abductors (trendelenburg sign)
-no sensory
-injured in polio, hip dislocation

Front 10

trendelenburg sign

Back 10

pelvis sags away from affected side sign when hip abductors aren't working right.

Front 11

coxalgic gait

Back 11

abductor lurch toward affected painful hip in pt w/ arthritis, for example; diminishes force across affected joint

Front 12

hip dislocation concerns

Back 12

-sciatic nerve
-blood supply to femoral head
-post-traumatic arthritis of hip joint

Front 13

anterior hip dislocation concerns

Back 13

-obturator/femoral nerve and femoral artery

Front 14

obturator nerve

Back 14

-L2-L4
-motor: adductors
-sensory: medial thigh
-injured in anterior hip dislocation

Front 15

femoral nerve

Back 15

-L2-L4
-motor: quads (thigh flexion, knee extension)
-sensory: anterior thigh, medial leg
-injured in pelvic trauma, hematoma

Front 16

nerves assoc w/ knee

Back 16

peroneal (fibular) more constrained due to its anatomic course compraed w/ tibial nerve.

Front 17

ACL

Back 17

prevents anterior displacement of tibia

Front 18

PCL

Back 18

prevents posterior displacement of tibia

Front 19

MCL

Back 19

resists forces that push knee medially (prevents valgus deformity)

Front 20

LCL

Back 20

resists forces that push knee laterally (prevents varus deformity)

Front 21

valgus

Back 21

knock kneed

Front 22

varus

Back 22

bowlegged

Front 23

unhappy triad of the knee

Back 23

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus all torn

Front 24

meniscus blood supply

Back 24

more vascularized on periphery

Front 25

knee extensors

Back 25

quadriceps muscles; all insert on the superior aspect of the patella via the quadriceps tendon.
-innervated by femoral

Front 26

knee flexors

Back 26

hamstrings; arise from ischial tuberosity and insert on tibia or fibula
-cross 2 joints, commonly injured in baseball, waterskiing
-innervated by tibial or common peroneal nerves

Front 27

patellectomy

Back 27

weak knee extension due to shorter moment arm for quadriceps

Front 28

compartment syndrome

Back 28

pain, pallor, parasthesia, pulselessness, paralysis
**pain is the one that matters

Front 29

proximal fibula injury

Back 29

-peroneal nerve
-anterior tibial artery

Front 30

high anterior compartment pressure

Back 30

-Affects foot extensors, anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve.
-Loss of sensation between the first/second toes and weakness of foot dorsiflexion (foot drop)

Front 31

peroneal nerve

Back 31

-motor of anterior/lateral compartment
-sensory of dorsal foot
-injured by trauma/compression of lateral leg, fibular neck (knee injury often)
-presents w/ foot drop (inverted and plantarflexed), loss of eversion/dorsiflexion

Front 32

peroneal mnemonic

Back 32

PED: peroneal everts and dorsiflexes. If injured, foot dropPED

Front 33

posterior compartment pressure

Back 33

-Plantar flexors, posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery, and the tibial nerve.
-See plantar hypesthesia, weakness of toe flexion, and pain with passive extension of the toes.

Front 34

tibial nerve

Back 34

-motor of posterior leg compartment
-sensory of plantar foot
-injured in knee dislocation or fracture
-inability to curl toes, loss of sensation of sole

Front 35

tibial mnemonic

Back 35

Tibial inverts and plantarflexes; if injured can't stand on TIPtoes.