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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 tissues of the MSK system |
Nervous, connective, epithelium, muscle |
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Bursa |
Wrap around the joint to reduce friction (has a synovial membrane) |
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Ossification |
turning cartilage into mineralized bone |
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Ossification centres |
Diaphysis Epiphysis |
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Osteoclasts |
Responsible for taking calcium out of bone, eroding it. During development, hollow out the inside of the bone to create the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow |
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Hymatopoyesis |
New blood cell formation, occurs in the red marrow of the epiphysis of the bone |
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Calcitonin |
Released by the thyroid gland to increase calcium uptake into bones |
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Osteoprogenitor cells |
Develop into osteoblasts, which then become osteocytes (don't do anything) |
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Trabecular bone |
another work for spongy bone. Form pillars to support areas that need maximal support due to highest amount of stress, when this force is removed pillars can become disorganized and bone is prone to breaking |
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Avascular necrosis |
When blood supply to a bone gets cut off, begin to have death of that bone. Must be removed and replaced by a prostetic |
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6 types of bone fractures |
Comminuted, compression, spiral, greenstick, epiphyseal, depressed |
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Comminuted fracture |
Common in elderly when bones are extremely brittle. Bones basically shatters, many different pieces |
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Greenstick fracture |
Common in youth, when bone is still flexible. Have fracture that only breaks one side, other side bends. Like a green stick |
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Depression fractures |
Broken bone is pushed inwards, typical of skull fracture |
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Spiral fracture |
Excessive twisting forces cause a ragged fracture. Common in sports |
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Epiphyseal fracture |
Epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate, which is still cartilage. Typical in younger people. |
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Compression fracture |
Bone is crushed. Common in brittle bones that have undergone extreme trauma. |
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4 steps of bone healing |
1) formation of a hematoma 2) fibrocartilaginous callus forms 3) bone callus forms, bridge will be gapped in an irregular way 4) bone is remodeled by osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
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Ligament sprain |
Tearing of a ligament, causing a hematoma |
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Muscle strain |
Too much stress on a muscle causes it to tear and bleed. Can also be tearing of a tendon. |
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Types of joints |
Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial |
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3 examples of fibrous joint |
Temporal-parietal, tibiofibular, radioulnar |
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3 examples of cartilagenous joints |
Ribs and sternum, pelvis, bodies of vertebrae |
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3 examples of synovial joints |
Knee joint, elbow joint, wrist joint |
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Components of a synovial joint |
Synovial membrane, articular cartilage, articular disc (only in complex), joint capsule, periosteum of the bone |
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Complex synovial joint |
Has articular disc to encourage greater stability. Allows for decreased freedom of movement |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
Autoimmune attack on the synovial fluid of the joints. Causes extreme swelling, usually begins in the hands. |
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Osteoarthritis |
Due to wear and tear. Cartilage between the articulating bones wears down, begins betting gracks in its surface. Immune system becomes involved and causes swelling, which causes more erosion and eventually the cones will rub together. |
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Bursitis |
Inflammation of the bursa, usually due to repetitive trauma. Can be caused by arthritis, and leads to swelling and pain. |
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Tendonitis |
Inflammation of tendon sheaths. Usually due to repetitive stress, causing the synovial sheath to swell. Tendon communicates from wrist to thumb and pinky (opponens tendon), can all become swollen. |
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Synovial joint shapes |
Condyloid (wrist joint), ball and socket (shoulder joint, most range of motion), saddle joint (femoralpatellar), pivot joint (atlantoaxial), hinge joint (femoraltibial), plane joint (between vertebrae) |
