A&p Quiz #2 Bones And Joints

Front 1

Diaphysis

(dī-AF-i-sis = growing between)

Back 1

the bone's shaft or body—the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone

Front 2

Epiphysis

(e-PIF-i-sēz = growing over; singular is epiphysis)

Back 2

the distal and proximal ends of the bone

Front 3

metaphyses

(me-TAF-i-sēz; meta- = between; singular is metaphysis)

Back 3

the regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphyses

Front 4

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bonee

Back 4

Articular Carilage

Front 5

Periosteum

(per′-ē-OS-tē-um; peri- = around)

Back 5

a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue and its associated blood vessels that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage

Front 6

medullary cavity

(MED-ū-lar′-ē; medulla- = marrow, pith)

Back 6

a hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

Front 7

A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. It contains a single layer of bone-forming cells.

Back 7

endosteum

(end-OS-tē-um; endo- = within)

Front 8

bone-building cells. They synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue.

Back 8

osteoblast

(OS-tē-ō-blasts′; -blasts = buds or sprouts)

Front 9

___________ are mature bone cells, are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood

Back 9

osteocytes

(OS-tē-ō-sīts′; -cytes = cells)

Front 10

_____________are huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell) and are concentrated in the endosteum.

Back 10

osteoclasts

(OS-tē-ō-clasts′; -clast = break)

Front 11

unspecialized stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed

Back 11

osteogenic cells

(os-tē-ō-JEN-ik; -genic = producing)

Front 12

Once chondroblasts become deeply buried in cartilage extracellular matrix, they are called?

Back 12

chondrocytes

Front 13

At the site where the bone is going to form, mesenchymal cells crowd together in the shape of the future bone and then develop into?

Back 13

chondroblasts

Front 14

The process by which bone forms is called?

Back 14

ossification

Front 15

An exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column, also called hollow back.

Back 15

Lordosis
(lor-DŌ-sis; lord- = bent backward)

Front 16

An exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column.

Back 16

Kyphosis
(kī-FŌ-sis; kypho- = bent; -osis = condition)

Front 17

# 1

Back 17

proximal epiphysis

Front 18

# 1

Back 18

proximal epiphysis

Front 19

# 2

Back 19

Metaphysis

Front 20

# 3

Back 20

Diaphysis

Front 21

# 5

Back 21

distal epiphysis

Front 22

# 6

Back 22

Articular Cartilage

Front 23

# 12

Back 23

Medullary cavity

Front 24

# 14

Back 24

Periosteum

Front 25

Skull

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 25

Axial

includes the Cranium (8 bones), and the Face (14 bones)

Front 26

Hyoid

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 26

Axial

Front 27

Auditory ossicles

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 27

Axial

6 bones

Front 28

Vertebral column

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 28

Axial

26 bones

Front 29

Thorax

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 29

Axial

includes the Sternum (1 bone) and Ribs (24 bones)

Front 30

Sternum

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 30

Axial

Front 31

Ribs

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 31

Axial

24 bones

Front 32

How many total bones in the axial skeleton?

Back 32

80

Front 33

This type of joint has no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers.

Back 33

Fibrous joints

Front 34

This type of joint has no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage.

Back 34

Cartilaginous joints

Front 35

The bones forming this type of joint have a synovial cavity and are united by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments.

Back 35

Synovial joints

Front 36

Knees are what type of joint?

Back 36

Synovial

Front 37

The joints that hold the bones of the skull together are of what type?

Back 37

Fibrous

Front 38

The functional classification of joints relates to the degree of movement they permit. Functionally, joints are classified as one of what three types?

Back 38

Synarthosis
Amphiarthosis
Diarthrosis

Front 39

The functional classification of an immovable joint is what?

Back 39

Synarthrosis

Front 40

The functional classification of a slightly movable joint is what?

Back 40

Amphiarthrosis

Front 41

The functional classification of a freely movable joint joint is what?

Back 41

Diathrosis

Front 42

The pubic symphysis is what type of joint?

Back 42

Cartilaginous

Front 43

A fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Back 43

Suture

Front 44

A suture is what type of joint?

Back 44

Fibrous

Front 45

Pectoral (shoulders) Girdles

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 45

Appendicular

Includes the clavicle (2 bones) and the Scapula (2 bones)

Front 46

Humerus

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 46

Appendicular

Front 47

Ulna

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 47

Appendicular

Front 48

Radius

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 48

Appendicular

Front 49

Carpals

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 49

Appendicular

Carpals consist of 16 bones

Front 50

Metacarpals (10 bones)

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 50

Appendicular

Front 51

Phalanges (28 bones)

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 51

Appendicular

Front 52

Pelvic Girdle
(hip or pelvic bone)

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 52

Appendicular

Front 53

Femur

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 53

Appendicular

Front 54

Patella

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 54

Appendicular

Front 55

Fibula

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 55

Appendicular

Front 56

Tibia

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 56

Appendicular

Front 57

Tarsals

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 57

Appendicular

Front 58

Metatarsals

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 58

Appendicular

Front 59

Phalanges (lower limb)

Axial or Appendicular?

Back 59

Appendicular

Front 60

What type of bones that are somewhat cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width?Examples include most wrist and ankle bones.

Back 60

Short Bones

Front 61

What type of bones are generally thin, afford considerable protection, and provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment. Bones classified as _________ bones include the cranial bones, which protect the brain; the sternum (breastbone) and ribs, which protect organs in the thorax; and the scapulae (shoulder blades).

Back 61

Flat Bones

Front 62

These types of bones have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories. Such bones include the vertebrae and some facial bones.

Back 62

Irregular Bones

Front 63

__________ is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones.

Back 63

flexion

(FLEK-shun = to bend)

Front 64

there is an increase in the angle between articulating bones, often to restore a part of the body to the anatomical position after it has been flexed.

Back 64

extension

(eks-TEN-shun = to stretch out)

Front 65

a simple movement in which relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and side-to-side relative to one another.

This can be illustrated between the clavicle and acromion of the scapula by placing your upper limb at your side, raising it above your head, and lowering it again.

Back 65

gliding

Gliding movements are limited in range due to the loose-fitting structure of the articular capsule and associated ligaments and bones.

Front 66

Flexion and extension are what type of movement?

Back 66

Angular

Front 67

In _________ movements, there is an increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones.

Back 67

Angular

Front 68

Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position is called?

Back 68

Hyperextension

(hyper- = beyond or excessive)

Front 69

________is the movement of a bone away from the midline

Back 69

Abduction

Front 70

_________is the movement of a bone toward the midline.

Back 70

Adduction

Front 71

_________is movement of the distal end of a part of the body in a circle

Back 71

Circumduction

Front 72

Examples of joints that allow circumduction include the?

Back 72

Humerus at the shoulder joint

Femur at the hip joint

Front 73

In __________,a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.

Back 73

rotation

(rō-TĀ-shun; rota- = to revolve)

Front 74

_________ is the upward movement of a part of the body, such as closing the mouth to elevate the mandible or shrugging the shoulders to elevate the scapula.

Back 74

Elevation

(el′-e-VĀ-shun = to lift up)

Front 75

____________is the downward movement of a part of the body, such as opening the mouth to depress the mandible or returning shrugged shoulders to the anatomical position to depress the scapula.

Back 75

Depression

(dē-PRESH-un = to press down)

Front 76

__________ is the movement of a part of the body forward.

Back 76

Protraction

(prō-TRAK-shun = to draw forth)

Front 77

__________ is the movement of a protracted part of the body back to the anatomical position

Back 77

Retraction

(rē-TRAK-shun = to draw back)

Front 78

_________ is movement of the soles medially so that they face each other

Back 78

Inversion

(in-VER-zhun = to turn inward)

Front 79

_________ is bending of the foot in the direction of the dorsum (superior surface), as when you stand on your heels

Back 79

Dorsiflexion

(dor′-si-FLEK-shun)

Front 80

_________ involves bending of the foot in the direction of the plantar surface, as when standing on your toes.

Back 80

Plantar flexion

Front 81

_________ is movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned forward. __________ of the palms is one of the defining features of the anatomical position

Back 81

Supination

Front 82

_________ is movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned backward

Back 82

Pronation

Front 83

_________ is the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint (between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb) in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand (Figure 7-8i). This is the distinctive digital movement that gives humans and other primates the ability to grasp and manipulate objects very precisely.

Back 83

Opposition

Front 84

The articulating surfaces of bones in a _______ joint are flat or slightly curved

Back 84

planar

Front 85

_________ joints primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the flat surfaces of bones.

Back 85

planar

Front 86

Many planar joints are _________ because they permit movement around two axes.

Back 86

biaxial

Front 87

An _______ is a straight line around which a rotating (revolving) bone moves.

Back 87

axis

Front 88

Some examples of _________ joints are the intercarpal (between carpal bones at the wrist), intertarsal (between tarsal bones at the ankle), sternoclavicular (between the sternum and the clavicle), and acromioclavicular (between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle) joints.

Back 88

planar

Front 89

In _______ joints, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone.

Back 89

hinge

Front 90

As the name implies, hinge joints produce an _________, opening-and-closing motion like that of a hinged door.

Back 90

angular

Front 91

________ joints permit only flexion and extension.

Back 91

hinge

Front 92

Hinge joints are _________ (uniaxial) because they typically allow motion around a single axis.

Back 92

monaxial

Front 93

Examples of hinge joints are the ______, ________, ________, and ______________ joints.

Back 93

knee
elbow
ankle
interphalangeal

Front 94

In _______ joints, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.

Back 94

pivot

A pivot joint is monaxial because it allows rotation only around its own longitudinal axis. Examples of pivot joints are the atlantoaxial joint, in which the atlas rotates around the axis and permits you to turn your head from side to side as in signifying “no,” and the radioulnar joints that allow you to move your palms forward and backward.

Front 95

A pivot joint is _________ because it allows rotation only around its own longitudinal axis.

Back 95

monaxial

Front 96

Examples of pivot joints are the _________ joint, in which the atlas rotates around the axis and permits you to turn your head from side to side as in signifying “no,” and the _________ joints that allow you to move your palms forward and backward.

Back 96

atlantoaxial
radioulnar

Front 97

In ___________ joints, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the concave oval-shaped depression of another bone

Back 97

condyloid

Front 98

A condyloid joint is _________ because the movement it permits is around two axes (flexion–extension and abduction–adduction).

Back 98

biaxial

Front 99

Examples of condyloid joints are the wrist and________________ joints (between the metacarpals and phalanges) of the second through fifth digits.

Back 99

metacarpophalangeal

Front 100

In_________ joints, the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the saddle like a rider sitting on a horse.

Back 100

saddle

Front 101

Saddle joints are _________ because they permit movement around three axes (flexion–extension, abduction– adduction, and rotation).

Back 101

triaxial

Front 102

An example of a saddle joint is the ______________ joint between the trapezium of the carpus and metacarpal of the thumb.

Back 102

carpometacarpal

Front 103

In ____________ joints, the ball-like surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another bone.

Back 103

ball-and-socket

Front 104

Ball-and-socket joints are ________ and permit movements around ______ axes

Back 104

triaxial

three

Front 105

the only examples of ball-and-socket joints in the human body are the _________ and _____ joints.

Back 105

shoulder and hip

Front 106

The ________ suture unites the frontal bone and two parietal bones.

Back 106

coronal

(kō-RŌ-nal; coron- = crown)

Front 107

The _________ suture unites the two parietal bones.

Back 107

sagittal
(SAJ-i-tal; sagitt- = arrow)

Front 108

The_________ suture; so named because its shape resembles the Greek letter Λ unites the parietal bones to the occipital bone.

Back 108

lambdoid

Front 109

The __________ sutures unite the parietal bones to the temporal bones.

Back 109

squamous

(SKWĀ-mus; squam- = flat)

Front 110

Skull bones containing paranasal sinuses include the ____________, _____________, ______________, and ______________.

Back 110

frontal bone (frontal sinus)

sphenoid bone (sphenoid sinus)

ethmoid bone (ethmoidal sinuses)

maxillae (maxillary sinuses)

Front 111

The 8 main cranial bones are:

Back 111

Frontal bone
Parietal bone (2)
Temporal bone (2)
Occipital (1)
Sphenoid bone (1)
Ethmoid (1)

Front 112

The ________ ________ is called the keystone of the cranial floor because it articulates with all other cranial bones, holding them together.

Back 112

sphenoid bone

Front 113

The skull consists of two sets of bones: Eight _______ ______ form the cranial cavity and fourteen ________ _______ form the face.

Back 113

cranial bones

facial bones

Front 114

What is the largest foramen in the skull?

Back 114

Foramen Magnum

Front 115

The ________ _______ forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium

Back 115

occipital bone

(ok-SIP-i-tal; occipit- = back of head)

Front 116

The ________ _______ lies at the middle part of the base of the skull. This is a bone.

Back 116

sphenoid bone

(SFĒ-noyd = wedge-shaped)

Front 117

The ________ _______ is spongelike in appearance and is located in the anterior part of the cranial floor between the orbits.

Back 117

ethmoid bone

(ETH-moid = sievelike)

Front 118

The paired ____________ unite to form the upper jawbone and articulate with every bone of the face except the mandible (lower jawbone)

Back 118

maxillae

(mak-SIL-ē = jawbones; singular is maxilla)

Front 119

The ___________, or lower jawbone, is the largest, strongest facial bone (see Figure 6-7c). It is the only movable skull bone.

Back 119

mandible

(mand- = to chew)

Front 120

What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint, in which the atlas rotates around the axis and permits you to turn your head from side to side as in signifying “no,” and the radioulnar joints that allow you to move your palms forward and backward.

Back 120

Pivot

Front 121

Synovial joints are divided into six subtypes. What are the six subtypes?

Back 121

planar
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball-and-socket

Front 122

The single ________ bone is a unique component of the axial skeleton because it does not articulate with or attach to any other bone. Rather, it is suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bones by ligaments and muscles.

Back 122

hyoid bone (HĪ-oyd = U-shaped)

The hyoid bone is located in the neck between the mandible and larynx. It supports the tongue and provides attachment sites for some tongue muscles and for muscles of the neck and pharynx.