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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do BVs run in the muscle
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- they pierce the epimysium
- they run parallel to eachother in the perimysium |
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how do nerves run in the muscle
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- they pierce the epimysium
- they course perimysim and branch into nerve fibers that run in the endomysium |
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what is a tendon w/ muscle fibers running the length of it?
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unipennate
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fibers of Sharpey
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tendon fibers that pierce the bone
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tenosynovium
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- 2 layers of CT, 1 around a tendon, 1 around surrounding sructures, to protects the tendon
- filled w/ lubricant, like a synovial cavity - some tendons develop sesamoid bones for the same function |
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why is fiber diameter important in muscles?
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- it determines max strength
- it changes in mature muscles, suggesting the level of muscle use has changed |
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sarcomere triad
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- each sarcomere has 2
- 1 transaverse tubule (infoldings b/t each myofibril and 2 terminal cisternae (lateral SR sac) |
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what parts of the sarcomere change?
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- I band
- H zone |
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where are the cell bodies of motor neurons?
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in the gray matter of the anterior horn
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what makes the A band?
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- myosin (the motor)
- C-protein, M-protein - titin, connects to myosin at Z line (a stabilizer) |
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what makes up the I band?
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- Actin, an intermediate filament - G is the pure form, when it binds ATP, it becomes the F form (binds Ca)
- tropomyosin - 2 a-chains complexed w/ F-actin - Troponin - C binds Ca to remove I, letting myosin and actin interact |
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desmin
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- an intermediate filatment that allows propagation of muscle transmission b/t sarcomeres
- connection then continues at the membrate w/ adhesion sites called costameres (where dystrophin is) |
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dystophin
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- acts as a stabilizer of integreal ion channels
- prevents membrane disruption |
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how is ATP in the muscle recycled?
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phosphocreatine (there is 4-5X as much as ATP
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ATPase in muscle
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- 1st kind activated at 10X the resting concentration of Ca and makes the muscle go
- 2nd kind activated at 10X resing concentration of Ca and gets rid of Ca |
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how are more muscle fibers recruited
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- first 20 % is type 1
- then type 2 - at very high efforts, type 2 do the most work and are first to fatigue |
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3 phases of muscle repair
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- desruction phase w/ necrosis and hematoma
- repair phase w/ phago of necrotised tissue, new stuff from satelite cells - remodeling phase, or maturation of regenerated myofibrils (it can work now) - note, healing is from satellite cells (stem cells) |
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Myositis ossificans
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- prolif of bone and carilage w/in SkM (non-cancer)
- usually after a contusion of quads - becomes non-painful, but bone remains - if painful, you can remove it, but only when it matures (1-2 yrs) |
