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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely? |
design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis |
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Which of the following is a characteristic of ALL living things? |
contains a universal genetic code (DNA) |
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Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science? |
How does DNA influence a person's health? |
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Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called? |
data |
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All livings things need what? |
material and energy |
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Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situations, but cannot explain one particular event. This idea is a? |
theory that may need revision |
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Cell specialization allows cells to? |
perform different functions |
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During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests? |
a single variable |
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How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses? |
theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses |
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Using a universal system of measurement is MOST important during which part of scientific methodology? |
collecting data |
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of science? |
to establish a collection of unchanging truths |
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Tree finches and ground finches are descended from a common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology? |
evolution |
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The energy needed to get a reaction started is the? |
activation energy |
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What type of biomolecule has C H and O? |
protein |
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Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the? |
speed of the reaction |
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Identify the products in the chemical reaction. C02+H2O=H2CO3 |
H2CO3 |
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What type of biomolecule has a pentagon shape? |
nucleic acid |
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What correctly shows the reaction pathway of a reaction that releases energy? |
the product is the lowest part on the diagram |
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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals? |
chemical reaction |
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Which if the following is a function of proteins? |
control the rate of reactions |
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A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called? |
an enzyme |
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When salt is dissolved in water, salt is the? |
solute |
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The three particles that make up atoms are? |
protons neutrons and electrons |
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What is the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid? |
saturated fatty acids have no C=C double bonds and unsaturated fatty acids have one or more |
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Which of the following is a monomer? |
a glucose molecule |
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Why is carbon so special compared to other chemicals? |
carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures |
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Some prokaryotes are able to survive unfavorable conditions by forming? |
endospores |
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The instructions for making new copies of a virus are? |
coded in either RNA or DNA |
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How do bacteria cause disease? |
by destroying cells and/or releasing toxins |
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Bacteria that cause disease are called? |
pathogens |
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During a lytic infection, the host cell? |
is destroyed when it bursts |
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What three materials make up many viruses? |
proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids |
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Proteins in the viral capsid or on the surface membrane function to? |
bind the virus to the surface of a host cell |
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Which of the following characteristics of living things is NOT true about viruses? |
obtain and use energy |
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What is the basic structure of a virus? |
DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat |
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During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information? |
conjugation |
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Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called? |
decomposers |
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Bacteria and archaea differ in? |
the makeup of their cell walls |
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Viral infections can be prevented by vaccines, which are? |
preparations of weakened or killed viruses |
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Viral diseases can be? |
prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics |
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Bacteriophages infect? |
bacteria |
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Which of the following can you conclude about the cell shown in the diagram? |
the cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus |
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What is a function of the cytoskeleton? |
helps a cell keep its shape |
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What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible? |
the microscope |
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The primary function of the cell wall is to? |
support and protect the cell |
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The cells of plants and some protists contain organelles called chloroplasts. The function of chloroplasts is to? |
capture the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy |
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A characteristic common to eukaryotic cells that is not found in prokaryotic cells is the? |
presence of mitochondria |
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Which organelle converts the chemical energy in food into a form that cells can use? |
mitochondrion |
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What features do all cells have? |
DNA and cell membrane |
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What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? |
prokaryotes don't have a nucleus and eukaryotes do |
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What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? |
rough ER has surface ribosomes while smooth ER does not |
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Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? |
the cell lacks a nucleus |
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Organelle that serves as the post office; packages and distributes proteins |
golgi apparatus |
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Control center of the cell |
nucleus |
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Internal transport system made of interconnected compartment; has ribosomes attached to it |
rough ER |
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Found only in animal cells; made of microtubules; involved in cell division |
centrioles |
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Found in all cells; site of proteins synthesis |
ribosomes |
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Large storage organelle in plant cells; responsible for storing water |
central vacuole |
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Organelle responsible for making ribosomes |
nucleolus |
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Flexible membrane surrounding all cells; regulates movement of material into and out of the cell |
cell membrane |
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Scientist who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them cells |
Robert Hooke |
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The first scientist to observe living organisms with a microscope |
Aton van Leewenhoek |
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German botanist who concluded all plants are made of cells |
Matthias Schleiden |
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German physician who concluded all cells come from preexisting cells |
Rudolph Virchow |
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German biologist who concluded all animals are made of cells |
Theodor Schwann |
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The cells of unicellular organisms are? |
able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life |
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Which means of particle transport uses a transport protein? |
active transport |
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Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? |
active transport |
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A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called? |
a tissue |
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Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? |
homeostasis |
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During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will? |
continues to move across the membrane equally on both sides |
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The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called? |
osmosis |
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Proteins called aquaporins are important to the movement of water through cell membranes. These proteins participate in? |
facilitated diffusion |
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Which of the following is a true statement about lipids in cell membranes? |
hydrophilic lipids heads are attracted to water, a bilayer forms when lipid heads turn toward water inside and outside the cell, hydrophobic lipid fatty acid tails turn away from water |
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Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? |
cell, tissue, organ, organ system |
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Which means of particle transport engulfs the particle? |
endocytosis |
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The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of? |
proteins |
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An organ system is a group of organs that? |
work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism |
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Large molecules, such as glucose, that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane through a type of passive transport called? |
facilitated diffusion |
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Once a cell reaches_____, the roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane. |
equilibrium |
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Which is a function of the cell membrane? |
regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell |
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The longest pahse of the cell cycle is? |
interphase |
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The sequence of growth and division of a cell make up the? |
cell cycle |
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The phase in which the sister chromatids split apart from each other is? |
anaphase |
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What happens in metaphase? |
chromosomes meet in the middle |
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Sequence the phases of the cell cycle from first to last. |
Interphase, Prophase(early), Prophase(late), Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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When during the cell cycle is a cell's cycle replicated? |
S phase |
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During the cell cycle, this is the process of the cytoplasm splitting immediately following nuclear division. |
cytokinesis |
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As a cell becomes larger, its? |
volume increases faster than its surface area |
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The process by which nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells is? |
mitosis |
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Cancer cells form masses of cells called? |
tumors |
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Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their? |
growth rate |
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At the end of mitosis the two new daughter cells formed are_____the original cell. |
identical |
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The structure attached at the centromere are called? |
sister chromatids |
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The structure holding the sister chromatids together is called the? |
centromere |
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An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction? |
provides genetic diversity |
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Why are stem cells important? |
they have the potential to develop into other types of cells |
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What includes interphase, mitosis, and division? |
cell cycle |
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Cancer affects? |
multicellular organisms only |
