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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Functions of Blood |
Transportation, regulation, protection |
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What does blood transport? |
O2 from lungs to cells CO2 from cells to lungs
Also carries nutrients from gastrointestinal tract to body cells Waste products away from cells Hormones from endocrine glands to cells |
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What does blood regulate? |
pH, body temperature and water content in cells |
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How does blood protect? |
Blood clots in response to injury WBCs carry on phagocytosis & make antibodies
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What does Interferons and Complement do? |
They are proteins that protect against disease |
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What is blood composed of? |
blood plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%)
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What is hemocrit? |
Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCS |
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What is a buffy coat? |
WBCs and and platelets |
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What is blood plasma composed of?
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Everything except formed elements. Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen. |
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Albumins |
Part of blood plasma. Helps maintain proper blood osmotic pressure |
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Globulins |
Part of blood plasma. Includes proteins |
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Fibrinogen |
Part of blood plasma. Helps make blood clots |
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What are the formed elements of blood?
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RBCs (erythrocytes), WBCs (leukocytes), platelets |
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What kind of WBCs are there? |
Granular (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) |
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Define hemopoiesis |
Process by which formed elements of blood develop. Happens in the yolk sac before birth then carries out in red bone marrow (in long and flat bones) |
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Define erythropoiesis |
RBC formation that occurs in red bone marrow. Stimulation by hypoxia (lack of O2), which stimulates release of erythropoietin from kidneys |
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Describe RBCs and their function |
Biconcave discs that don't contain a nuclei Transports O2 and CO2. Consist of a selectively permeable membrane, cytosol and hemoglobin. |
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Describe WBCs and their function |
They are nucleated cells and their primary function is to fight off disease/inflammation. Produced in lymph nodes and red bone marrow |
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Describe platelets and their function |
Platelets are disc shaped cell fragments without nuclei and they form the platelet plug for hemostasis |
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Define hemostasis |
Stoppage of bleeding |
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What do myeloid stem cells differentiate into |
RBCs, platelets, eosinphils, basophils, nutrinophils, monocytes |
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What do lymphoid stem cells differentiate into? |
T and B lymphocytes and NK cells |
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What are neutrophils? |
Granular WBC. Respond first to bacterial invasion by phagocytosis and releasing lysozymes that can destroy certain bacteria |
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What are eosinophils? |
Granular WBC. Release enzymes that combat inflammation and allergic rxns. Also eat up antigen-anti body complexes and effective against parasitic worms |
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What are basophils? |
Granular WBC. involved in inflammatory/allergic rxns. |
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What are monocytes? |
Agranular WBC. develop into wandering macrophages cleaning up waht the neutrophils leave behind |
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What are B cells? |
Agranular lymphocyte. Produce antibodies that help destroy bacteria and inactivate their toxins |
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What are T cells? |
Agranular lymphocyte. Attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells and some bacteria |
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What are NK cells? |
Agranular lymphocyte. Attack everything. |
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What are the three steps of hemostasis? |
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and blood clotting (coagulation) |
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What is a reticulocyte? |
What an RBC precursor ejects its nucleus. 34% hemoglobin and eventually develop into RBCs |
