Mr. Pettra Anatomy Final Ch:2

Front 1

Describe the structure of an atom

Back 1

consists of a nucleus (which contains positively charge protons and uncharged neutrons) electrons move about in a large space surrounding the nucleus

Front 2

Ionic bond

Back 2

result from transferring electrons

Front 3

covalent bond

Back 3

result from sharing electrons

Front 4

hydrogen bonds

Back 4

result from an uneven distribution of elctions in a covalently bonded hydrogen atom to either oxygen or nitrogen

Front 5

synthesis reaction

Back 5

when two or more elements of compounds combine
a+b= ab

Front 6

decomposition reaction

Back 6

when a compound breaks down into two or more parts
ab=a+b

Front 7

exchange reactions

Back 7

when the positive portion of one compound takes the place of the positive potion of another compound

Front 8

double displacement

Back 8

ab+cd= ad+cb

Front 9

single displacement

Back 9

a+cd=c+ad

Front 10

Acids have a ___taste and react with many ______

Back 10

sour taste
metals

Front 11

Acids release ______

Back 11

hydrogen ions

Front 12

Acids are _____ donors

Back 12

proton

Front 13

bases have a ____taste, feel ____ and are ____ ____

Back 13

bitter
slippery
proton acceptors

Front 14

common inorganic bases contain ________ _____

Back 14

hydroxide ions

Front 15

pH measures the ____ ____ concentration in fluids

Back 15

hydrogen ion

Front 16

________reactions combine an acid with a base to produce a salt plus water

Back 16

neutralization

Front 17

strong acids have a ___pH

Back 17

low

Front 18

strong bases have a ___pH

Back 18

high

Front 19

Carbohydrates
Elements:
Building blocks:
Formation:
Decomposition:
Function:

Back 19

E: C,H,O
B: monosaccharides
F: dehydration synthesis
D: hydrolysis
F: source of cellular fuel, structural components

Front 20

Lipids
Elements:
Building blocks:
Formation:
Decomposition:
Function:

Back 20

E: C,H,O
B: glycerol and 3 fatty acids
F: dehydration synthesis
D: hydrolysis
F: body fuel and structural components

Front 21

Protein
Elements:
Building blocks:
Formation:
Decomposition:
Function:

Back 21

E: C,H,O,N
B: amino acids
F: dehydration synthesis
D:hydrolysis
F: structural material and enzymes

Front 22

Nucleic acids
Elements:
Building blocks:
Formation:
Decomposition:
Function:

Back 22

E: C,H,O,N,P
B: nucleotides
F: dehydration synthesis
D: hydrolysis
F: protein synthesis and cell replication

Front 23

Hydrolysis

Back 23

requires the addition of water to break apart macromolecules

Front 24

dehydration synthesis

Back 24

require the removal of water to combine building blocks into macromolecules

Front 25

contrast structural and functional proteins

Back 25

find later

Front 26

describe the mechanism of enzyme activity

Back 26

-enzymes are tertiary proteins that act as catalysts speeding up reactions
-enzymes lower the activiation energy needed tostart a chemical reaction allowing them to occur at normal body temperatures
-enzymes have a specifically shaped active site that holds the reactants or subtrates in the proper position for reactions to occur
-some enzymes are purely protein other have cofactors like vitamin
-one enzyme controls on reaction

Front 27

DNA is what
RNA is what

Back 27

deoxyribose sugar
ribose sugar

Front 28

How many types does DNA have?
RNA?

Back 28

D-one type
R- 3 types (tRNA, rRNA, mRNA)

Front 29

what is the shape of DNA?
RNA?

Back 29

D- double helix
R- single strand

Front 30

where is DNA found?
RNA?

Back 30

D-nucleus
R-cytoplasm

Front 31

What is DNA made from?
RNA?

Back 31

d- adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
r- adeline,uracil,cytosine, guanine

Front 32

What is the purpose of DNA?
RNA?

Back 32

d-holds the genetic instructions
r-carries out the instructions

Front 33

ATP is made form a single what

Back 33

adenine RNA nucleotide

Front 34

What bonds store energy for later use by the cell

Back 34

high energy phosphate bonds

Front 35

ATP drives what for reactions

Back 35

enzymes

Front 36

ATP drives what which is use in transport

Back 36

solute pumps

Front 37

ATP drives what like muscle contractions

Back 37

mechanical operation