Anatomy & Physiology Ch 2

Front 1

A bond in which atoms share electrons is known as what type of bond?

Back 1

Covalent

Front 2

The smallest particles of an element that maintain all of the characteristics of that element and enter into chemical reactions are known as:

Back 2

Atoms

Front 3

_____ is referred to as the universal solvent.

Back 3

Water

Front 4

_____ consist of a single ring of six atoms. They include thymine, cytosine, and uracil.

Back 4

Pyrimidines

Front 5

The study of elements, their compounds, and the reactions that occur between them is known as:

Back 5

Chemistry

Front 6

The ____ structure of a protein is determined by its amino acid sequence.

Back 6

primary

Front 7

The movement of fluid and solutions through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area od low concentration is known as:

Back 7

Osmosis

Front 8

The movement of molecules through a medium from an area of high concentration of those molecules to an area of low concentration of those molecules is known as:

Back 8

Diffusion

Front 9

The most abundant substance in living cells is:

Back 9

Water

Front 10

The combination of the atoms of two or more elements is known as a(n):

Back 10

Compound

Front 11

A pH change of 1 mean a __-fold change in concentration of Hydrogen ions

Back 11

10

Front 12

An atom consists of a nucleus containing?

Back 12

positively charged protons and neutral neutrons

Front 13

_____ have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus of an atom in levels at some distance from the compact heavy nucleus.

Back 13

Electrons

Front 14

A substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons & electrons is called:

Back 14

an Element

Front 15

A combination of the atoms of 2 or more elements:

Back 15

compound

Front 16

'a different kind of atom of the same element where the number of neutrons in the nucleus varies

Back 16

Isotope

Front 17

The element found in all living matter.

Back 17

Carbon

Front 18

Table of the elements arranging them in categories with similar properties

Back 18

Periodic Table

Front 19

______combine chemically with one another to form bonds by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.

Back 19

Atoms

Front 20

A bond formed when one atom gains electrons while the other atom in the bond loses electrons.
-these molecules disassociate when placed in water.

Back 20

Ionic bond

Front 21

Mineral Salts form these bonds:

Back 21

Ionic

Front 22

A bond formed when atoms share electrons.
-these bonds do not disassociate when placed in water.

Back 22

Covalent bond

Front 23

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen form this type of bond:

Back 23

Covalent

Front 24

A weak bond; they help hold water molecules together and bind other molecules into 3 dimensional shapes:

Back 24

Hydrogen bond

Front 25

Molecules furnishing electrons during a chemical reaction are called:

Back 25

electron donors

Front 26

Molecules that gain electrons are called:

Back 26

electron acceptors

Front 27

Bonds contain energy.
It is the ______ that contain the energy of a chemical bond.

Back 27

electrons

Front 28

A special molecule that accepts electrons for a short period of time and uses the energy of the electrons to make ATP molecules is called:

Back 28

electron carrier

Front 29

60-80% of a cell is ____
A slightly polar molecule.
Ionically bonded molecules disassociate when placed in it:

Back 29

Water

Front 30

Water's important role in cells:

Back 30

-serves as a medium/solvent for other reactions to occur
-basis for transportation of materials
-absorbs and releases heat
-maintains body temp
-it protects
-base for all body lubricants

Front 31

TYPE OF BOND:
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon

Back 31

-single H-H
-two O=O
-three N///N
-four O=C=O

Front 32

C6H12O6

*-ose
-ase

Back 32

glucose
-sugar
-enzyme to process it

Front 33

REACTANTS are:
PRODUCT is:

Back 33

-atoms, ions, or molecules
-formed at the end of the chemical reaction.

Front 34

A pH scale:
less than 7
7
greater than 7

Back 34

-indicates concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
-Acid -Neutral -Base/Alkaline

Front 35

MONOsaccharides
DIsaccharides
POLYsaccharides

Back 35

-glucose, fructose
-sucrose, lactose
-glycogen, cellulose

Front 36

This monosaccharide is stored as glycogen in the liver:

Back 36

glucose

Front 37

Only -saccharide that can be absorbed:

Back 37

monosaccharide

Front 38

CATION:

ANION:

Back 38

(+) ex. Na+ K+

(-) ex. cl-

Front 39

Table Salt:
Table Sugar:
Fruit Sugar:
Sugar in the body:

Back 39

-sodium chloride NaCl
-sucrose C6H12O6
-fructose
-glucose

Front 40

The high energy molecule that is the fuel that allows cells to function and maintain themselves.
These molecules consist of a ribose sugar, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups.

Back 40

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)