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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) |
A blueprint for how living organisms are built, consisting double helix structure of nucleotides
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Gene
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A segment of DNA, coding for a protein which determines the trait/characteristic of an individual
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Chromosome
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A threadlike structure which carries many genes, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
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Variation
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The difference between individuals of the same species
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Trait
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The scientific word for a characteristic we inherit from our parents
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Sexual reproduction
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A type of reproduction that produces unique offspring that requires two parents
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Asexual reproduction
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A type of reproduction that produces identical offspring that only requires one parent
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Mitosis
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The process that creates two identical cells for growth and repair (and asexual reproduction) from one cell.
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Meiosis
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The process that creates 4 unique sex cells/gametes from one cell.
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Gonads
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The place where meiosis occurs, sex cells are made. Testicles and ovaries.
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Gametes
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The scientific name for sex cells eg. Sperm and Egg. Contains half the number of chromosomes
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Fertilisation
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The process of joining a sperm with an egg
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Mutation
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An change in the DNA sequence, that could potentially change the phenotype of an organism.
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Phenotype
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Physical expression of the genotype
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Genotype
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The two alleles that code for a specific gene
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Dominant
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The allele that is always expressed when present. E.g. B
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Recessive
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The allele that is only expressed when the dominant allele is absent. eg. b
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Variation |
Differences between individuals of the same species in a population |
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Allele |
Alternate form of a gene |
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Homozygous |
When the genotype contains two alleles that are the same for a specific gene. e.g. BB or bb |
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Heterozygous |
When the genotype contains two alleles that are different for a specific gene. e.g. Bb |
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Genetic code |
The sequence of bases that determine the proteins made by the DNA |
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Pure breeding |
Mating a homozygous individual with another homozygous individual to get offspring that are all carry the homozygous trait. |
