Motor Speech Disorders Review

Front 1

Any disturbance of articulation of speech; any neurogenic disturbance of speech or language; severity correlated with illness or disease process.

Back 1

Dysarthria

Front 2

An impaired ability to execute skilled motor acts which is not caused by muscle paralysis or incoordination, sensory deficits, or incomprehension.

Back 2

Apraxia

Front 3

This type of dysarthria can result from CNS or PNS lesions/damage.

Back 3

Flaccid dysarthria

Front 4

Botulism may be an etiology of __ dysarthria.

Back 4

Flaccid

Front 5

Eaton Labert Sydrome may be an etiology of __ dysarthria.

Back 5

Flaccid

Front 6

A person that presents with weakness, hypotonia, diminished reflexes, atrophy, fasciculations, fibrillations, and fatigue may have __ dysarthria.

Back 6

Flaccid

Front 7

Bilateral damage to the direct and indirect activation pathways of the CNS describes the cause of __ dysarthria.

Back 7

Spastic

Front 8

A person that presents with weakness, loss of skilled movements, increased tone, and the Babinski sign may have a lesion in the __. This is an example of __ dysarthria.

Back 8

UMN (pyramidal pathway); Spastic

Front 9

A person that presents with dysphagia, drooling, facial posture fixed, expressive facial expressions, and pathological laughing and crying has __ dysarthria.

Back 9

Spastic

Front 10

A lack of coordination in sequential voluntary muscular activities, resulting from a cerebellar pathology describes __ dysarthria.

Back 10

Ataxic

Front 11

This type of dysarthria involves irregular cadence or prosody of speech with long pauses and sudden explosions of sound, abnormal and sometimes excessively equal stress on specific syllables, and imprecisely articulated consonants.

Back 11

Ataxic dysarthria

Front 12

Ataxic dysarthria results from dysfunction in what area?

Back 12

cerebellar control circuit

Front 13

A person who presents with hypotonia, slow voluntary movements, jerky movements, wide-based gait, intention tremor, terminal tremor, truncal titubation, and dysmetria have __ dysarthria.

Back 13

Ataxic

Front 14

A person who presents with irregular and transient articulatory breakdowns, irregular vowel distortions, excess and equal stress, excess loudness, dysprosody, and irregular altered motion rates has __ dysarthria.

Back 14

Ataxic

Front 15

A person who presents with "drunk" speech, stumbling over words, biting tongue when speaking, speech deteriorates with alcohol consumption, and poor respiratory coordination during speech has __ dysarthria.

Back 15

Ataxic

Front 16

A person who presents with bradykinesia, gait disturbances, hypokinesia, and sensory impairments may have __.

Back 16

Parkinson disease

Front 17

A group of conditions that share symptoms of Parkinson disease but differ in some manner.

Back 17

Parkinsonism

Front 18

This condition may have etiologies related to vascular, Alzheimer's disease, drug induced, or trauma.

Back 18

Parkinsonism

Front 19

A person who is said to be "punch drunk" is characterized as having what kind of disorder?

Back 19

Parkinsonism

Front 20

A person who has progressive supranuclear palsy is characterized as having what kind of disorder?

Back 20

Parkinsonism

Front 21

A person with a lack of animation in the face, drooling, tremulousness in jaws and lips, accelerated altered motion rate, and dysphagia may have __ dysarthria.

Back 21

Hypokinetic

Front 22

A person who complains of having a quiet or weak voice, too fast rate, indistinct words, lack of emotional tone, stutter, or difficulty to get started may have __ dysarthria.

Back 22

Hypokinetic

Front 23

A person with dyskinesia, dystonia, akinesia, chorea, athetosis, ballism, tremor, tic, myoclonus, or spasm has __ dysarthria.

Back 23

Hyperkinetic

Front 24

Abnormal, hyperkinetic involuntary movements, regardless of etiology.

Back 24

Dyskinesia

Front 25

Slow, hyperkinesia characterized by involuntary abnormal postures resulting from excessive co-contraction of antagonistic muscles.

Back 25

Dystonia

Front 26

Blepharospasm or Meige's syndrome are types of __ .

Back 26

Dystonia

Front 27

Inner sense of motor restlessness but lack of movement, difficulty initiating movement, and freezing.

Back 27

Akinesia

Front 28

Rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless movement of a body part at rest or during voluntary movement.

Back 28

Chorea

Front 29

A person with motor unsteadiness and attempts to maintain a posture may result in unpredictable movements has __.

Back 29

Chorea

Front 30

A person with sustained vowel fluctuations, AMR (irregular breakdowns), ROM normal to excessive, transient, unpredictable nature of deviant speech, grunts, smacks, sniffing, bizarre verbalizations, difficulty inhibiting sounds has __.

Back 30

Chorea

Front 31

Relatively slow hyperkinesia; inability to maintain a body part in a single position because of superimposed slow, writhing, purposeless movements that tend to flow into one another.

Back 31

Athetosis

Front 32

Gross, abrupt contractions of axial and proximal muscles of the extremities that can produce flailing.

Back 32

Ballism

Front 33

Most common; rhythmic (periodic) movement of a body part.

Back 33

Tremor

Front 34

A __ is characterized by periodic modulation in frequency/intensity of voice, vocal modulations between 4-7 Hz, tremor isolated to larynx, and most noticeable during sustained voicing.

Back 34

Vocal tremor

Front 35

A __ is a benign, autosomal dominant condition that most often begins with onset of a hand tremor.

Back 35

Essential tremor

Front 36

A __ is characterized by lingual tremor at rest or on protrusion, jaw/lip tremor at rest, adductor/abductor vocal cord tremor components relatively equal, vowel prolongations, and slows with increasing age.

Back 36

Organic voice tremor

Front 37

Rapid, stereotyped coordinated or patterned movements that are under partial voluntary control.

Back 37

Tic

Front 38

A person who presents with lip smacking, touching, jumping, noises, and corpolalia may have __.

Back 38

Tic

Front 39

Gilles de lat Tourette's syndrome is a type of __.

Back 39

Tic

Front 40

Involuntary single or repetitive brief jerks of a body part (rhythmic or non-rhythmic)

Back 40

Myoclonus

Front 41

Abrupt rhythmic or semi-rhythmic unilateral or bilateral movements of the soft palate, pharyngeal walls, and laryngeal muscles.

Back 41

Palatopharyngolaryngeal myoclonus

Front 42

Induced by muscle activity; less generalized and rhythmic

Back 42

Action myoclonus

Front 43

General term that designates a variety of muscle contractions; tonic; clonic

Back 43

Spasm

Front 44

A person who presents with abnormal, rhythmic, or irregular and unpredictable, rapid or slow involuntary movements has __ dysarthria.

Back 44

Hyperkinetic

Front 45

A person with visible abnormal orofacial, head, and respiratory movements has __ dysarthria.

Back 45

Hyperkinetic

Front 46

A degenerative disease that includes autosomal dominant inheritance, dementia, and chorea. Conditions include irritability, explosive behavior, memory loss, attention deficit, restless or fidgety hands, facial movements and constant jerky movements of body parts.

Back 46

Huntington's Disease

Front 47

A patient with this type of condition may complain of slurred, slow, halting, "hard to get out" speech. They may say it "doesn't work right", shaky, tight, close off, etc.

Back 47

Tardive Dyskinesia

Front 48

Jaw opening dystonia

Back 48

Oromandibular dystonia

Front 49

Forceful, spasmodic closure of the eyes

Back 49

Blepharospasm

Front 50

Inherited, autosomal condition that begins in childhood and is progressive. It begins forcefully and spreads to the entire body.

Back 50

Dystonia musculrum deformans

Front 51

Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia

Back 51

Meige's syndrome

Front 52

Tonic/clonic spasms of neck muscles; causes deviation of head to right or left; reduced pitch and pitch variability, dysphonic, reduced rate of speech, slow initiaiton.

Back 52

Cervical dystonia

Front 53

Abrupt rhythmic or semi-rhythmic unilateral or bilateral movements of the soft palate, pharyngeal walls, and laryngeal muscles.

Back 53

Paloatropharyngolaryngeal myoclonus

Front 54

An abnormal body posture that involves the arms and legs being held straight out, the toes being pointed downward, and the head and neck being arched backwards. Muscles are tightened and held rigidly.

Back 54

Decerebrate posture

Front 55

An abnormal posturing in which a person is stiff with bent arms, clenched fists, and legs held out straight. Arms are bent toward the body and wrists and fingers are bent and held on chest.

Back 55

Decorticate posture

Front 56

A patient who presents with an awareness of their speech difficulties, has slurred, thick-sounding, slow speech, drooling, heavy feeling on one side of face or mouth, and difficulty chewing/swallowing has __ dysarthria.

Back 56

UUMN

Front 57

A person who presents with imprecise articulation, slow rate, irregular articulatory breakdowns, slow AMRs, harsh/horse voice, reduced loudness, (rare) hypernasality, spastic early on has __ dysarthria.

Back 57

UUMN

Front 58

A combination of two or more of the single dysarthria types.

Back 58

Mixed dysarthria

Front 59

If a person has multiple strokes (CVAs), Parkinson Disease and stroke, or an advancement of a degenerative neurologic disease, they may have __ dysarthria.

Back 59

Mixed

Front 60

Another name for Lou Gehrig's Disease

Back 60

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Front 61

A person that presents with fassiculations, muscle atrophy, weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, emotional lability may have __.

Back 61

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Front 62

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Friedrich's Ataxia, and Multiple Sclerosis are examples of __ dysarthria.

Back 62

mixed

Front 63

This type of dysarthria involves CNS myelin destruction.

Back 63

Multiple sclerosis

Front 64

A person who presents with gait problems, visual/sensory problems, cerebellar problems, cranial nerve problems, cognitive deficits, affective disorders may have __.

Back 64

Multiple sclerosis

Front 65

This condition involves mixed ataxic-spastic dysarthria, respiratory problems, and maybe communication problems.

Back 65

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 66

This condition is hereditary and the main sign is spinocerebellar (cardiac problems). Speech is usually ataxic dysarthria (maybe spastic-ataxic mixed).

Back 66

Freidrich's Ataxia

Front 67

A multisystem neurogenerative disease that involves PD signs, dysphagia/drooling, facial expression looks "astonished," pseudobulbar affect, behavioral/emotional/cognitive changes. Speech is hypokinetic, spastic, and/or ataxic dysarthria.

Back 67

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Front 68

Sporadic neurodegenerative conditions (includes Shy Drager Syndrome, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and striatonigral degeneration)

Back 68

Multiple System Atrophy

Front 69

Signs of __ include incontinence, decreased respiration, gait disturbance, limb tremor, and dysarthria.

Back 69

Shy Drager Syndrome

Front 70

Speech characteristics of __ include hypokinetic, ataxic, spastic, and/or flaccid dysarthria and inspiratory stridor.

Back 70

Shy Drager Syndrome

Front 71

This condition involves degeneration of the pons, middle cerebellar peduncles, cerebellar white matter and Purkinje cells. Speech characteristics include ataxic, spastic, hypokinetic, and/or flaccid dysarthria.

Back 71

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA)

Front 72

__ is a neuronal loss in putamen, caudate, and substantia nigra. Initial signs are unilateral and speech characteristics are hypokinetic and /or spastic dysarthria.

Back 72

Striatonigral degeneration

Front 73

Another name for Wilson's Disease is __.

Back 73

Progressive Lenticular Degeneration

Front 74

__ is a metabolic disorder that involves an inadequate processing of dietary copper or a build up of copper in the liver.

Back 74

Wilson's Disease

Front 75

The distinguishing sign of Wilson's disease is __.

Back 75

golden ring around cornea (copper deposits)

Front 76

This disease involves rigidity, slowness of movements, ataxia, dysphagia, facial masking, dyarthria, hypokinetic, spastic, or ataxic dysarthria. Management is low-copper diet.

Back 76

Wilson's Disease

Front 77

__ literally means movement. It is the ability to perform complex, highly sequenced motor skills.

Back 77

Praxis

Front 78

__ is a disorder in performing voluntary learned motor acts, while similar automatic acts are intact.

Back 78

Apraxia

Front 79

A sensorimotor deficit of articulation and prosody resulting from brain injury characterized by impairment capacity to program the position of speech muscles and the sequence of muscular movements for volitional production of speech.

Back 79

Apraxia of Speech

Front 80

A person who has right hemiparesis or associated sensory deficits or both, Babinski sign, hyperactive stretch reflexes, and limb apraxia (bilateral) may have __.

Back 80

Apraxia of speech

Front 81

A person with right lower facial weakness, right lingual weakness, nonverbal oral apraxia, or oral sensory deficits may have __.

Back 81

apraxia of speech.

Front 82

Etiologies of __ include any process that damages dominant hemisphere structures involved in motor speech planning/programming; tumors, trauma, stroke

Back 82

Apraxia of speech