Modules For Active Learning 42-45: Motivation & Emotion

Front 1

Motivation

Back 1

Internal processes that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate activities.

Front 2

Need

Back 2

An internal deficiency that may energize behavior

Front 3

Drive

Back 3

The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals, for example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success.

Front 4

Response

Back 4

Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior.

Front 5

Goal

Back 5

The target or objective of motivated behavior

Front 6

Incentive Value

Back 6

The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need

Front 7

Biological Motives

Back 7

Innate motives based on biological needs

Front 8

Stimulus Motives

Back 8

Innate needs for stimulation and information

Front 9

Learned Motives

Back 9

Motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals

Front 10

Homeostasis

Back 10

A steady state of body equilibrium

Front 11

Circadian Rythms

Back 11

Cyclical changes in body functions and arousal levels that vary on a schedule approximating a 24-hour day

Front 12

Hierarchy of Human needs

Back 12

Abraham Maslow's ordering of needs, based on their presumed strength or potency

Front 13

Basic needs

Back 13

The first four levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy; lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs.

Front 14

Growth needs

Back 14

In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization

Front 15

Meta-needs

Back 15

In Maslow's hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization

Front 16

Intrinsic motivation

Back 16

Motivation that comes from within, rather than from external rewards; motivation based on personal enjoyment of a task or activity

Front 17

Extrinsic motivation

Back 17

Motivation based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors

Front 18

Emotion

Back 18

A state characterized by physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings

Front 19

Adaptive behaviors

Back 19

Actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions

Front 20

Physiological Changes (in emotion)

Back 20

Alterations in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary responses

Front 21

Emotional Expressions

Back 21

Outward signs that an emotion is occurring

Front 22

Emotional Feelings

Back 22

The private, subjective experience of having an emotion

Front 23

Basic emotions

Back 23

According to Robert Plutchik's theory, the most fundamental emotions are fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance.

Front 24

Mood

Back 24

A low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state

Front 25

Hypothalamus

Back 25

A small area at the base of the brain that regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion, especially hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior

Front 26

Set point (for fat)

Back 26

The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating

Front 27

Taste Aversion

Back 27

An active dislike for a particular food

Front 28

Anorexia Nervosa

Back 28

Active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins

Front 29

Bulimia nervosa

Back 29

Excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives

Front 30

Behavioral Dieting

Back 30

Weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habit, rather than temporary self-starvation

Front 31

Extracellular Thirst

Back 31

Thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells

Front 32

Intracellular Thirst

Back 32

Thirst triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cell

Front 33

Sex drive

Back 33

The strength of one's motivation to engage in sexual behavior

Front 34

Estrus

Back 34

Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat

Front 35

Estrogen

Back 35

Any of a number of female sex hormones

Front 36

Androgen

Back 36

Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone

Front 37

Arousal Theory

Back 37

Assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal

Front 38

Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 38

A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance

Front 39

Test anxiety

Back 39

High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance

Front 40

Social motives

Back 40

Learned motives acquired as part of a growing up in a particular society or culture

Front 41

Need for achievement (nAch)

Back 41

The desire to excel or meet some internalized standard of excellence

Front 42

Need for Power

Back 42

The desire to have social impact and control over others

Front 43

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 43

The system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands

Front 44

Sympathetic branch

Back 44

A part of the autonomic nervous system that activates the body at times of stress

Front 45

Parasympathetic branch

Back 45

A part of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body and conserves energy

Front 46

Polygraph

Back 46

A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "lie detector"

Front 47

Guilty knowledge test

Back 47

Polygraph procedure involving testing people with knowledge only a guilty person could know

Front 48

Amygdala

Back 48

A part of the limbic system (within the brain) that produces fear responses

Front 49

Alexithymia

Back 49

A learned difficulty expressing emotions; more common in men

Front 50

Kinesics

Back 50

Study of the meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language.

Front 51

James-Lange Theory

Back 51

States that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal

Front 52

Cannon-Bard Theory

Back 52

States that activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously

Front 53

Schachter's Cognitive Theory

Back 53

States that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues

Front 54

Attribution

Back 54

The mental process of assigning causes to events. In emotion, the process of attributing arousal to a particular source

Front 55

Emotional Appraisal

Back 55

Evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation

Front 56

Facial feedback hypothesis

Back 56

States that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels.

Front 57

Emotional Intelligence

Back 57

The ability to perceive, use, understand and manage emotions