Morphology

Front 1

What is morphology?

Back 1

• Properties of minimal units
• Internal structure for words
• Rules for word formation

Front 2

What are morphemes?

Back 2

• Smallest grammatical, meaningful part of a word
• Has a function

Front 3

What is an affix?

Back 3

• Bound morpheme
• Attaches to base
• Modifies meaning of the word

Front 4

3 examples of affixes...

Back 4

• -er
• -ing
• un-

Front 5

What is a free morpheme?

Back 5

• Independent word
• Needs no additional morphemes to make sense

• book, boy

Front 6

What is a bound morpheme?

Back 6

• Attaches to other morphemes

• -ly, -ing, -er

Front 7

What is the root of a word?

Back 7

• Central part of complex word
• Gives meaning
• monomorphemic

Front 8

What is the base of a word?

Back 8

• Where affix attached to

• loving-ly

Front 9

What is an infix?

Back 9

• Affix
• Inside root
• into another morpheme

• also-bloody-lutley

Front 10

What is a circumfix?

Back 10

• Wraps around root
• Part of morpheme on each side of word

Front 11

Give an example of a circumfix

Back 11

Ilucono:

• ragsak = happy
• pag-ragsak-en = make happy

Front 12

What is inflection?

Back 12

• No new word created
• Does not add lexical meaning
• Represents relationships between part of sentences
• Grammatical meaning
• Fits words into sentences

Front 13

Give an example of an inflectional morpheme...

Back 13

• -ed

• English past tense
• Doesn't change meaning of word

Front 14

What are the categories for inflectional morphemes?

Back 14

• Case
  
• Number
• Person
• Tense

Front 15

Do inflectional affixes change the word class?

Back 15

No.

Front 16

What does the person category do?

Back 16

• adds -s
• 3rd person
• present tense

Front 17

What does the case category do?

Back 17

• Adds possessive 's/s'

Front 18

What does the number category do?

Back 18

• Adds plural -s

Front 19

What does the tense category do?

Back 19

• Adds past tense of -ed

Front 20

What is derivation?

Back 20

• New meaning
• Changes word class
• Clear meaning
• New lexemes
• New word not same as the base

Front 21

Give examples of derivational morphemes...

Back 21

• -ment
• -less
• -ing
• -ly
• -er
• -ness
• -able

Front 22

What are allomorphs?

Back 22

• Different forms of the same morpheme
• Phonologically conditioned - allomorph depends on previous sound
• Occurs in predictable environments

Front 23

Example of an allomorph

Back 23

• Past tense -ed
• Sounds different depending on phonological environment

• Fished
• Buzzed
• Waited

Front 24

What are lexically conditioned allomorphs?

Back 24

• Not morphologically predictable
• Treated separately in grammar
• Irregular
• Children make these mistakes

• I *goed = I went

Front 25

What is suppletion?

Back 25

• 2 allomorphs not phonologically related

• goose ---> geese

Front 26

How is derivation productive?

Back 26

New words created

Front 27

What is a very productive derivational morpheme?

Back 27

• -er

• bake - baker
• sing - singer

• verb ---> noun

Front 28

What is a less productive derivational morpheme?

Back 28

• -th

• warmth (adj - noun)
• *sadth

Front 29

What 2 affixes are constraints to derivation?

Back 29

• -en
• whiten, *biggen (enlarge)

• -ant
• defendant, *huntant

Front 30

What are compounds?

Back 30

• Contain 1+ lexeme
• Composed of N, V, Adj, Prep.
• Result in N, V, Adj.
• Based on location, purpose and appearance of things its describing

• Sea bird, paper clip, sword fish

Front 31

Give examples of compounds...

Back 31

• Good looking (adj)
• Sun rise (N)
• Babysit (V)

Front 32

What is the head of a compound?

Back 32

• Right most lexeme
• Determines word class

• Greenhouse
• Book shop
• Milk chocolate

Front 33

What is the semantic head?

Back 33

• First compound member
• Gives meaning
• Modifies meaning of second compound member

Front 34

What is an endocentric semantic head?

Back 34

• Inside word

• Flower seller

Front 35

What is an exocentric semantic head?

Back 35

• Head outside

• Bird brain

Front 36

What are compositional compounds?

Back 36

• Meaning predictable
• Meaning determined by parts

• bookshelf
• bookcase

Front 37

What is a non compositional compound?

Back 37

• Meaning not always predictable
• Meaning not related to meaning of components

• Sugar daddy
• Black sheep